Deck 2: The Diversity of Deviance

Question 1

An example of deviance that violates a generally accepted aesthetic norm is ______.

A) a shaved head
B) face tattoos
C) spray-tanning
D) hearing impairment

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Why was the chapter on types of deviance a difficult topic to write about?

A) Deviance is often criminal.
B) Deviance is subjective.
C) Deviance makes people uncomfortable.
D) It is easy to make mistakes when discussing deviance.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is generally considered sexually unconventional behavior?

A) online dating
B) sex within marriage
C) prostitution
D) masturbation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ is defined as "criminal and deviant acts by the largest corporations and the most powerful political organizations."

A) Ethnocentric deviance
B) Elite deviance
C) Criminogenic deviance
D) Organized crime

Question 5

When automobile manufacturer VW rigged some of their vehicles to temporarily pass emissions standards, they violated the law. This is an example of ______ deviance.

A) technological
B) regulatory
C) positive
D) corporate

Question 6

When deciding whether an act or a characteristic is deviant, ______.

A) If no law is broken, deviance has not occurred
B) Deviance only occurs when other people are involved
C) The social class of the individual is a factor
D) The status of the individual does not matter

Question 7

In 1965, J.L. Simmons conducted a study regarding what behavior people viewed as deviant. Why do the authors of the text mention this study?

A) to illustrate that deviance changes depending on historical context
B) to suggest that some behaviors are always considered deviant
C) to demonstrate that men are more often defined as deviant
D) to exemplify behavior that violates norms, though it is not considered deviant

Question 8

"Snapchat dysmorphia" is a condition in which people want to ______.

A) use plastic surgery in order to copy the appearance of celebrities
B) withdraw completely from all forms of social media
C) distort the way they look on social media
D) alter their physical appearance so that they look like their own altered selfies

Question 9

Adler and Adler (2007) suggest that self-injury is being ______, shifted out of the realm of mental illness and categorized instead as deviance.

A) radicalized
B) demedicalized
C) stigmatized
D) legalized

Question 10

In the United States today, monogamous marriage is the legal norm, though some groups accept polygamy. What aspect of deviance does this illustrate?

A) Most deviance is criminal.
B) conflict between a subculture's values and the larger societal norms
C) If no law is broken, deviance has not occurred
D) widespread agreement regarding the nature of deviant behavior

Question 11

Russian tampering with the 2016 election via social media is an example of ______.

A) subcultures
B) stigma
C) positive deviance
D) cyber deviance

Question 12

Why does elite deviance receive less attention than other forms of criminal deviance?

A) More people have participated in elite deviance than in other forms of criminal deviance.
B) Individuals are less afraid of elite deviance than they are of other forms of criminal deviance.
C) Elite deviance causes very little harm to society compared to other forms of criminal deviance.
D) Elite deviance is less prevalent compared to other forms of criminal deviance.

Question 13

What statement correctly summarizes elite deviance?

A) deviance committed by powerful people and organizations
B) deviance committed against the interest of powerful people
C) deviance that is legal when committed by those of high social status
D) what is normal for those of high social status is deviant for those of lower social status

Question 14

What three kinds of harm caused by elite deviance are identified by Simon (2008)?

A) individual, group, and society
B) personal, familial, and emotional
C) physical, financial, and moral
D) military, executive, and legislative

Question 15

Moral justification, euphemistic labeling, displacement of responsibility, and diffusion of responsibility are all ______ mechanisms associated with various forms of elite deviance.

A) secondary
B) radicalizing
C) normative
D) disengagement

Question 16

Celebrities with drug and alcohol addiction are often treated differently compared to everyday citizens. What aspect of deviant behavior does this illustrate?

A) People with money are held to norms more strictly than others.
B) Social status influences who is defined as deviant.
C) Our society is quick to condemn the bad behavior of those in the public eye.
D) Famous people are deviant more frequently than others.

Question 17

A woman who is voluntarily childless is viewed as neither deviant nor normal.

Question 18

Heterosexuality was the only widely accepted sexual orientation in the United States during the 1950s; homosexuality was perceived as deviant during that time.

Question 19

Homophobia refers to the fear of heterosexuality.

Question 20

If behavior occurs within a hidden population, it cannot be considered deviant just because the law states it is.

Question 21

Intentional behaviors that violate norms but are conducted in honorable ways and for the good of people might be considered acts of positive deviance.

Question 22

According to sociologists, violations of aesthetic norms and physical incapacity (including physical disability) are two examples of physical deviance.

Question 23

Cyberdeviance is one of the oldest forms of deviant behavior recognized by sociologists.

Question 24

Those who plant gardens in areas that are not legally zoned for use in growing food may be considered deviant because they violate the law.

Question 25

One challenge in defining deviance is that behavior described by one group as normal can be described by another group as violating norms.

Question 26

Do you consider downloading copyrighted music, movies, and readings for free from pirate websites deviant? What makes it deviant?

Question 27

Identify five types of non-criminal behavior defined as normal by one group and deviant by another. Explain the perspective of the group that defines the behavior as normal, then the perspective of the group that defined the behavior as deviant.

Question 28

We may expect to encounter or participate in several forms of workplace deviance. Provide two examples and explain why they are considered deviant and which norms they violate specifically.

Question 29

Describe a deviant subculture. What makes this particular subculture deviant?

Question 30

Provide arguments in favor of and against the existence of positive deviance.