Deck 2: Gender: Identity and Roles

Question 1

Gender is

A) A person's outward expression of maleness or femaleness
B) Personality traits and behavior that characterize an individual as masculine or feminine
C) A person's personal, internal sense of maleness or femaleness, which is expressed in personality and behavior

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gender identity is

A) A person's personal, internal sense of maleness or femaleness, which is expressed in personality and behavior
B) A person's outward expression of maleness or femaleness
C) Personality traits and behavior that characterize an individual as masculine or feminine

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Gender role is

A) Personality traits and behavior that characterize an individual as masculine or feminine
B) A person's outward expression of maleness or femaleness
C) A person's personal, internal sense of maleness or femaleness, which is expressed in personality and behavior

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Gender roles are learned in

A) Everyday living
B) School
C) Media/television
D) All of the above

Question 5

Many people develop stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. These gender stereotypes are

A) Assumed differences
B) Norms
C) Attitudes
D) All of the above

Question 6

Body image often refers to

A) Positive or negative feelings about specific parts of the body
B) How friends tell us we look (external feelings)
C) What we see in the mirror (internal feelings)
D) All of the above

Question 7

Traditional gender-role ideology can

A) Impact men's earnings
B) Be harmful, leading to suicide, substance abuse, and stress
C) Cause issues with friends, family, and society
D) All of the above

Question 8

Several studies looked at the portrayals of overweight characters from popular television shows and movies and discovered that heavyset men/women

A) Had fewer dates or sexual encounters
B) Were made fun of more often
C) Were more likely minorities, older, and unemployed
D) All of the above

Question 9

Steroid use has become a growing problem among

A) Young athletes
B) Young men
C) Women
D) Middle schoolers

Question 10

A study of 21 popular magazines found that what percentage conveyed a message about appearance?

A) 50 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 78 percent

Question 11

Men's magazines focus on

A) Hobbies
B) Entertainment
C) Activities
D) All of the above

Question 12

Gender can never be studied

A) By men
B) Through a survey
C) In isolation from race, class, and other social conditions
D) Through an interview

Question 13

Gender role congruence means

A) Spouses live separate lives
B) There is agreement between partners' gender role expectation and their performance
C) The partners have traditional gender roles
D) The partners express both masculinity and femininity

Question 14

Role ambiguity is

A) When someone chooses your role for you
B) Only expressed in males
C) The uncertainty felt when choosing a gender role
D) Defined by society

Question 15

Changes in gender roles in recent generations have

A) Made many situations better for both men and women
B) Made life more complex in some instances
C) Made roles less distinct
D) All of the above

Question 16

John is trying to be a good husband and father and striving to become a supervisor of 30 employees. John is feeling overwhelmed and is experiencing

A) Role ambiguity
B) Role stress
C) Role strain
D) Life

Question 17

Couples who have achieved gender role congruence report

A) Communication issues
B) Lower satisfaction in their relationship
C) Higher quality in their marriage
D) No difference compared to other couples

Question 18

When women work as many hours outside of the home as men, evidence suggests that

A) Woman retain primary care of the house
B) Men take over the primary care of the children
C) Men participate somewhat less in domestic work
D) All of the above

Question 19

Peggy Papp observed that men and women

A) Become depressed for similar reasons
B) Cope with depression differently
C) Cope with depression in similar ways
D) Take similar medications

Question 20

The text refers to androgyny as individuals who

A) Blend male/female characteristics and roles
B) Reject the idea of being a male or female
C) Feel uncomfortable being nurturing
D) Prefer same-sex partners

Question 21

Title IX

A) Is a state law
B) Is only about female athletes
C) Applies to more than just female athletes
D) Is funded by states

Question 22

Traditional female gender norms include

A) Getting married
B) Having children
C) Staying single
D) A and B

Question 23

Depression

A) Is uncommon
B) Usually has similar causes
C) Can affect interpersonal relationships
D) Affects some ethnic groups more than others

Question 24

Under Title IX, when students report rape, the 2011 guidelines require institutions to

A) Conduct an investigation
B) Discipline the guilty party based on the preponderance of evidence rather than beyond a reasonable doubt
C) Protect students from harassment and assault because these interfere with the student's right to receive an education
D) All of the above

Question 25

Concept of masculinity and femininity have not undergone considerable change in the United States.

Question 26

Gender role is a person's outward expression of maleness or femaleness

Question 27

The media's influence on reinforcing gender roles begins as early as our first books and movies.

Question 28

Although TV programs from recent decades increasingly depict women as employed in a wider range of occupations, women are still underrepresented by about 2:1.

Question 29

Without realizing it, teachers have different ideas about male and female students.

Question 30

One theory can adequately explain all aspects of gender roles and identities.

Question 31

A schema is the framework of logic and ideas used to organize information and make sense of things.

Question 32

We can hold only one schema at a time.

Question 33

Evolutionary theories are rooted in the concept that human genetics have evolved over time so men and women are best adapted for their biological functions and reproductive success.

Question 34

There is a great deal of empirical evident to support evolutionary theories of gender.

Question 35

Biological theories can explain everything concerning the differences in males and females.

Question 36

Gender stereotypes assume differences, norms, attitudes, and expectations about men and women.

Question 37

Toys do not have any influence on children's images of what men and women are like.

Question 38

Advertisements promote the idea that for women, personal happiness is linked to good character and positive self-esteem rather than physical appearance.

Question 39

It is important to understand that race, class, and gender influence each other in a complex web of overlapping, intersecting, and interrelating social relationships.

Question 40

African Americans reported greater body satisfaction and less overestimation of weight than their white counterparts.

Question 41

Egalitarian marriage does not depend on shared power or shared work.

Question 42

Everyone feels down and depressed sometimes.

Question 43

Clinical depression extends over a period of two or more weeks and includes such symptoms as low energy, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, decreased ability to concentrate, and changes in appetite and sleep.

Question 44

The concept of gender role is not influenced by our environment.

Question 45

How does parental identification influence children?

Question 46

How does television exert influence on families?

Question 47

What is cognitive developmental theory?

Question 48

Describe "body image."

Question 49

How does gender identification and gender-role learning take place?

Question 50

Describe how the media influences or reinforces gender roles.

Question 51

What has research shown concerning androgynous individuals?

Question 52

Give an example of how gender-role expectations and performance can influence a marital relationship in a positive way.

Question 53

What types of stereotypes do we see develop concerning masculinity and femininity?

Question 54

Name some of the underlying factors involved in depression and suggest ways we can better understand and cope with depression.

Question 55

Many individuals think that female gender-role behaviors are common among middle-class white girls, but this does not mean it is universal. Discuss some research from the readings in your text focused on female gender identity development.

Question 56

Discuss social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, and gender schema theory. Define each theory and then choose one to give your academic view.