Deck 10: Women and Corrections

Question 1

The first prison with a separate wing for women was opened in the ______.

A) mid-1700s
B) late 1700s
C) early 1800s
D) mid-1800s

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What prompted the construction of the first women's prison?

A) A female inmate was impregnated by the warden at Sing Sing.
B) The female inmates at other prisons were rioting.
C) There was public outcry over physical punishment of female inmates.
D) The State of Pennsylvania received a grant to build it.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the 19th century, women committed ______ of violent crime.

A) a small minority
B) just under half
C) slightly more than half
D) the vast majority

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Beaumont and Tocqueville's recidivism study of the New York House of Refuge revealed that ______ of the children reoffended.

A) the vast majority
B) a small minority
C) more than half
D) just under half

Question 5

According to the most recent statistics, women comprised ______ of the jail population.

A) a small minority
B) just under half
C) slightly more than half
D) the vast majority

Question 6

According to the most recent statistics, women comprised ______ of the probation population.

A) a small minority
B) about a quarter
C) around half
D) about three-quarters

Question 7

In recent years, the number of women and girls under correctional supervision has ______.

A) decreased slightly
B) increased slightly
C) increased dramatically
D) decreased dramatically

Question 8

According to recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, ______ of correctional officer jobs in jails and prisons were held by women.

A) around half
B) a small minority
C) about a quarter
D) about three-quarters

Question 9

In which criminal justice field do female employees outnumber male employees?

A) law enforcement
B) probation
C) correctional officers
D) parole

Question 10

According to a recent Bureau of Justice Statistics report, ______ of all state-level parole agency staff are women.

A) a small minority
B) about a quarter
C) about three-quarters
D) around half

Question 11

Women made significant inroads into employment in corrections after the ______.

A) construction of the first all-women's prison
B) decision in Salazar et al. v. City of Espanola et al.
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended in 1972
D) war on drugs took hold in the 1980s

Question 12

______ is a prevailing system of organizing society around attitudes, values, and beliefs that favor males over females.

A) New penology
B) Criminology
C) Patriarchy
D) Moralism

Question 13

According to the moralists, a woman who maintained sexual chastity until marriage, bore children to her husband, and did not break the law would have been considered a ______.

A) double deviant
B) whore
C) madonna
D) matron

Question 14

According to the moralists, a woman who was promiscuous, refused to marry, and wanted to work rather than stay in the home would have been considered a ______.

A) double deviant
B) whore
C) madonna
D) matron

Question 15

Research suggests that compared to male offenders, female offenders are more likely to ______.

A) have substance abuse problems
B) pose a risk to community safety
C) have committed their offenses alone
D) receive lighter sentences

Question 16

Women under correctional supervision are ______ than their male counterparts.

A) more likely to be violent
B) less likely to have a substance abuse issue
C) equally as likely to be incarcerated
D) more likely to have mental health problems

Question 17

At the time of their incarceration, ______ of women have custody of children.

A) just under half
B) a small minority
C) about two-thirds
D) around half

Question 18

Research suggests ______ of women in custody have experienced sexual abuse prior to incarceration.

A) just under half
B) slightly more than half
C) a small minority
D) the vast majority

Question 19

In comparison to male institutions, same-size female institutions, because of economies of scale, require administrative staffs that are ______.

A) much smaller
B) larger
C) slightly smaller
D) the same size

Question 20

A 24-year-old female offender has just entered a women's facility. Which statement is most likely true of the new inmate?

A) She is incarcerated for a violent offense.
B) She was a victim of physical abuse as a child and an adult.
C) She has a college degree.
D) Her boyfriend had custody of their son.

Question 21

One of the key similarities among many of the sexual abuse cases discussed was that ______.

A) all occurred in adult facilities
B) no female officers were present
C) no inmates attempted to prosecute
D) all cases involved only minority inmates

Question 22

The most effective way to prevent sexual abuse of inmates starts with ______.

A) hiring competent people
B) encouraging whistleblowing
C) threatening lawsuits
D) surveilling correctional staff

Question 23

You are an administrator at a girls' juvenile correctional facility. Which type of rehabilitative programming would most likely be helpful for the majority of inmates?

A) anger management
B) therapy for survivors of sexual abuse
C) meditation therapy for violent offenders
D) job training for repeat offenders

Question 24

You are the warden of a female prison. What is one way that you could minimize sexual assaults in your facility?

A) discourage reporting
B) issue new guidelines
C) hire female staff
D) hire younger officers

Question 25

A female inmate who has been in the facility for a long time befriends a new female inmate, looking out for her and making sure she understands the ropes. Their relationship becomes similar to the relationship between a mother and a daughter. This is most likely an example of a ______.

A) double deviant
B) house of refuge
C) prison gang
D) pseudo-family

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A) It is often more difficult to visit male inmates than female inmates.
B) Male inmates have more problems with substance abuse than female inmates.
C) Female inmates are more likely to pose a physical threat than male inmates.
D) It is often more difficult to visit female inmates than male inmates.

Question 27

The 1972 amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1965 allowed women to ______.

A) sue for the right to work in corrections
B) oversee county jails with their husbands
C) allege sexual harassment in court
D) receive compensation for rape by correctional staff

Question 28

Which statement accurately summarizes the correctional research regarding men and women's opinions on working in corrections?

A) Men and women report different motivations for correctional work.
B) Men and women mostly view and do correctional work similarly.
C) Men are more likely to attempt to calm agitated inmates.
D) Women are more likely to attempt to physically restrain inmates.

Question 29

Quid pro quo sexual harassment is ______.

A) sexual harassment that involves an exchange of something for something else
B) the sexualization of the workplace to the detriment of one gender
C) overt sexual abuse of female staff by male staff members
D) sexual abuse of male staff by female staff

Question 30

A male supervisor implies to a female correctional officer that she will get a raise if she does him a "favor." Based on the supervisor's tone, the female officer gathers that this favor would be sexual in nature. What type of sexual harassment is this an example of?

A) quid pro quo
B) hostile environment
C) double deviance
D) bona fide

Question 31

A male correctional officer stares at and makes lewd comments to a female correctional officer, but none of the other officers stop him or comment on the behavior. The female officer feels uncomfortable working alongside this officer and considers quitting. What type of sexual harassment is this an example of?

A) quid pro quo
B) hostile environment
C) double deviance
D) bona fide

Question 32

Research suggests that in terms of sexual harassment in the workplace, men ______.

A) tend to experience it from both men and women
B) are more likely to be harassed than women
C) report more hostile environment harassment
D) are more likely to experience quid pro quo harassment

Question 33

Methods of discipline for women in the 1800s varied drastically in terms of severity.

Question 34

The female correctional population has rarely been larger than it is today.

Question 35

Feminist reform efforts directed attention to the lack of employment opportunities for incarcerated women.

Question 36

Patriarchy implies that women are suited for less worthy occupations.

Question 37

The dichotomy that divides women into the broad categories of "madonna" and "whore" based on their behavior comes from liberal feminism.

Question 38

Most women and girls have plentiful access to treatment and programming in prison.

Question 39

Training efforts to provide female correctional officers with defensive and offensive tactics to deal with male inmates are largely unhelpful.

Question 40

Research suggests that female correctional officers are better at calming down prisoners.

Question 41

The frequent requirement to use brute force to control inmates can be used to disqualify women from working in male prisons.

Question 42

The Supreme Court has ruled that females cannot be excluded from any work in the corrections field, regardless of the circumstances.

Question 43

Evaluate the effect of women being a numerical minority in corrections on their programming.

Question 44

What were houses of refuge? Assess their purpose and their effect on those placed in them in terms of gender.

Question 45

Analyze the liberal feminist perspective on the causes of female offending.

Question 46

Why does it cost more money to incarcerate female offenders than male offenders?

Question 47

Provide one explanation for why women tend to commit fewer violent crimes than their male counterparts.

Question 48

Discuss at least two key issues that have affected incarcerated women throughout early American history. Did these issues have anything in common with each other?

Question 49

Compare and contrast the issues affecting female and male prisoners.

Question 50

Do you believe that the correctional system should treat female inmates differently from male inmates? Justify your answer.

Question 51

Sexual abuse of inmates by staff is a major problem in correctional institutions. Provide at least two examples of strategies you believe will be most effective at reducing sexual abuse.

Question 52

Imagine you are a warden at a correctional facility. The vast majority of your staff are men, but you would like to hire more women. What potential problems would you need to be aware of when attempting to create a workplace that would be friendlier to female employees?