Deck 9: Ideology

Question 1

What did Antoine Destutt de Tracy mean by the term "ideology"?

A) the study of human consciousness
B) the study of doxa
C) the study of episteme
D) false consciousness

Answer 1

A

Question 2

While there are many differences between Western and Islamic worldviews,what is the fundamental point of distinction between the two?

A) equal rights for men and women
B) separation of church and state
C) establishment of liberal democratic governments
D) proliferation of different political ideologies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which idea goes against conservative thought?

A) human happiness on earth is the end goal
B) belief in God is not required to achieve happiness
C) humans have the ability to improve society
D) society is extremely complex

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the best use for the left-right spectrum?

A) to determine the economic policies of a political party
B) to determine the extent to which an ideology promotes individual freedoms
C) to develop a general understanding of where one ideology sits in relation to another
D) to predict how much social reform to expect from a political party

Question 5

What conclusion can we draw about ideologies from the French Revolution?

A) Teaching people about ideologies leads to violent revolutions.
B) Modern political ideologies were strongly influenced by the ideas of Napoleon.
C) New ideas cannot be born out of an oppressive traditional monarchy.
D) When people are unsatisfied with their social and political system they will start coming up with new ideas about how government should work

Question 6

The distinction between ideology and religion in the Western world can be characterized as:

A) scientific v. mythical
B) true v. false
C) public v. private
D) learned v. believed

Question 7

Which of the following is most similar to 'ideology'?

A) worldview
B) religion
C) knowledge
D) philosophy

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an ideology?

A) A mother lays out "house rules" to regulate and shape the beliefs and behaviours of her children.
B) A professor of political philosophy solves many societal problems in a series of lengthy academic books.
C) A father takes his son to religious classes in order to teach him a sense of right and wrong.
D) A large portion of society believes that government exists solely to serve and protect citizens.

Question 9

Which statement best characterizes ideologies?

A) They are disjointed, flexible, random sets of ideas and opinions.
B) They are never concerned with ethical or moral issues.
C) They are simplifications of the complexity of the world.
D) They are the personal opinion of each individual.

Question 10

Which two ideologies share the most in common?

A) social democracy and reform liberalism
B) conservativism and fascism
C) social democracy and nationalism
D) nationalism and conservativism

Question 11

The left-centre-right spectrum is best used to organize ideas about which two things?

A) politics and philosophy
B) economics and politics
C) society and politics
D) philosophy and economics

Question 12

Which statement best defines ideologies?

A) They are dogmatic positions.
B) They are fixed creeds.
C) They are synonymous with personal opinion.
D) They are families of ideas with resemblances and disagreements.

Question 13

What is the most important consideration for a political leader from any ideology?

A) promoting ideological policies
B) running the economy based on ideological principles
C) security of the nation
D) promoting his or her ideology among voters

Question 14

Governmental legitimacy inherently involves ethical problems.What must ideologies therefore contain?

A) political and philosophic beliefs
B) rational and historical beliefs
C) emotional and personal beliefs
D) moral and factual beliefs

Question 15

Where did the political labels 'left' and 'right' originate from?

A) The physical location of politicians in the French National Assembly.
B) Napoleon
C) Early political philosophers like Plato and Aristotle
D) The Enlightenment

Question 16

Who defined ideology as means of recognizing and fighting class conflict?

A) Destutt de Tracy
B) Karl Marx
C) Friedrich Engels
D) Plato

Question 17

According to the left-centre-right spectrum,where would conservatism fall?

A) in between right and centre
B) at the centre
C) in between centre and left
D) far right

Question 18

Which of the following beliefs would most likely be shaped by an ideology?

A) Material objects are not as important as an inner spiritual life.
B) The best way to affect behaviour is through positive reinforcement
C) The greatest freedom brings the greatest happiness.
D) Politicians are generally corrupt.

Question 19

All major ideologies focus on what end goal?

A) human happiness on earth
B) efficient systems of government
C) effective systems of government
D) harmonious relationships between people and government

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the traditional focuses of political philosophy?

A) purpose of government
B) human nature
C) political knowledge
D) society

Question 21

Real-world ideologies are concerned not only with economic issues,such as taxation,but also with other so-called social issues.For this reason,what is the most accurate classification for the dimension of difference in politics?

A) the left-centre-right spectrum
B) unidimensional scaling
C) unidimensional continuum
D) multidimensional scaling

Question 22

Which of the following ideologies does NOT assume that people wish to change society?

A) conservatism
B) liberalism
C) socialism
D) feminism

Question 23

Islamic nations believe in the separation of mosque and state.

Question 24

Which of the following policy platforms best fits with the Conservative Party of Canada?

A) Toughening punishments for crimes against women.
B) Establishing universal, state-run daycare.
C) Relaxing bans on obscene material.
D) Introducing incentives to get more visible minorities into politics.

Question 25

Which of the following issues works best with the traditional left-centre-right spectrum?

A) sovereignty movements
B) privatization of national resources
C) government involvement in civil society
D) special interest group agendas

Question 26

The word ideology was coined during the latter days of the English Revolution.

Question 27

In which way does a multidimensional analysis differ from the standard unidimensional spectrum?

A) It includes the category of centre along with left and right.
B) It suggests that even though people have different opinions, they can be lined up on the same dimension.
C) It suggests that a two-dimensional matrix enables the analyst to make a more accurate classification.
D) It rejects the very categories of left and right.

Question 28

What is the main goal of the Bloc Quebecois?

A) to foster communist ideology in Canada
B) to promote social democratic ideas in Quebec
C) to represent Quebec within Canada
D) to turn Quebec into a sovereign nation

Question 29

One way of understanding political ideologies is to see them in terms of family resemblances.

Question 30

Which of the following is the most significant characteristic that makes a party or ideology difficult to place on the left-centre-right spectrum?

A) cooperating with other parties or ideologies
B) not having a formulated economic policy
C) working from a historical perspective
D) focussing on non-traditional political issues

Question 31

Which of the following ideologies cuts perpendicularly across the left-right dimension?

A) communism
B) socialism
C) conservatism
D) feminism

Question 32

As a mass belief,ideology is somewhat simplified,reducing complexity to understandable terms.

Question 33

At which point of the left-right-centre spectrum is fascism found?

A) at the right
B) at the left
C) at the centre
D) slightly to the left of centre

Question 34

Marx's insight is that the intellectual world has some relation to its economic milieu.

Question 35

Which statement is true if we consider economic issues in the left-right spectrum?

A) The left favours active government intervention, while the right does not.
B) The right supports active government intervention, while the left does not.
C) The right supports progressive taxation, while the left wants a flat tax.
D) The left and right both favour active and redistributive government intervention.

Question 36

Marx argued that we should always distinguish economic conditions and the ideological forms in which people become conscious of these conditions.

Question 37

In the standard left-right-centre spectrum,where does the New Democratic Party of Canada fall?

A) to the right of the Liberal Party of Canada
B) at the centre of the spectrum
C) to the left of the Liberal Party of Canada
D) to the left of the New Democratic Party of Canada

Question 38

Ideology is the study of the complex ways that politics and economics function in the world.

Question 39

Shari'ah law is the foundation of Islamic states.

Question 40

What is the famous slogan of the French revolution that embodies its central ideological values?

A) liberty, equality, fraternity
B) life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
C) Give me liberty or give me death.
D) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.

Question 41

The word ideology was coined by______,and for him,the word meant the study of human ______.

Question 42

Nationalism does not fit onto the standard left-right spectrum.

Question 43

Under what circumstances was the term ideology coined? Why is it a distinctively modern invention?

Question 44

In secular Western countries ________ is still important,but is seen as a set of ________ beliefs that do not directly structure the ________ order.

Question 45

Because the underlying concerns are egalitarian economic issues,the standard left-right spectrum is_________.Because real-world ideologies are also concerned with other social issues,a more accurate classification would be _________.

Question 46

The most important ideologies today are ______,______,______,______,______,______.

Question 47

Do the ideologies of nationalism,feminism,and environmentalism fit onto the standard left-right spectrum?

Question 48

Place Canada's political parties on an ideological spectrum,and clearly justify your answer.

Question 49

Overall,feminism fits into familiar liberal and socialist categories,except radical feminism,which is more difficult to place.

Question 50

Marx argued that the economic conditions of production are the foundations on which rise the ideological superstructures.

Question 51

Three ideologies that do not easily or completely fit onto the standard left-right spectrum are _____________,___________,and ___________.

Question 52

Liberty,fraternity,and equality were the slogans of the American Revolution.

Question 53

Multidimensional scaling refers to a process whereby ideas are scaled down to the level of common understanding.

Question 54

If ideologies are so difficult to apply to practical realities,why do we use them at all? What purposes do ideologies serve?

Question 55

If we consider social issues in a multidimensional analysis: the ___________ seems to favour a position of individual choice,and the ___________ seems to uphold traditional standards of morality.

Question 56

Compare Marx and de Tracy on ideology.

Question 57

Compare unidimensional and multidimensional analyses of ideologies.

Question 58

What are the six main ideological families?

Question 59

Define what is meant by the left-right spectrum of ideology.Provide specific examples.

Question 60

Karl Marx argued that we should always distinguish ______ conditions and the ______ forms in which people become conscious of these conditions.

Question 61

How is it possible that communism and fascism can be situated on opposite ends of some ideological spectrums,but beside each other on others? Discuss the impact different organizing principles can have on ideological spectrum.Use examples in your answer.