Deck 13: Cyberdeviance

Question 1

Why is it challenging to enforce state and federal legislation against computer crimes?

A) Enforcement is financially prohibitive.
B) Corporations do not like admitting their systems were vulnerable.
C) Those who wrote the laws are not current with the latest technology.
D) Cybercriminals are innovative when committing computer crimes.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is a primary issue when drafting legislation against computer crime?

A) Laws must allow for technological innovation.
B) Laws must not be too broad.
C) Laws must not infringe on constitutionally protected rights.
D) Laws must cover a wide variety of possible crimes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why are corporations unwilling to admit they were the victim of cybercrime?

A) Consumer confidence may erode.
B) They will be targeted for additional crimes.
C) They will be charged in connection with any crime that affects consumers.
D) Corporations commit most computer crimes.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the cost of cybercrime is true?

A) The cost of cybercrime is decreasing.
B) The cost of cybercrime is increasing.
C) The cost of cybercrime is impossible to estimate.
D) Statistics on the costs of cybercrime vary wildly from year to year.

Question 5

Grace walks into the offices of a major movie studio, downloads thousands of confidential files, and uses this information to blackmail several people. What kind of cybercrime is this?

A) computer as incidental to other crime
B) computers as instruments of crime
C) computer as a target
D) crime associated with the prevalence of computers

Question 6

What category of cybercrime is using a computer to store client lists for illegal gambling operations?

A) computer as incidental to other crime
B) computers as instruments of crime
C) computer as a target
D) crime associated with the prevalence of computers

Question 7

Phillipe sells counterfeit copies of popular computer programs, such as Adobe Acrobat. What kind of cybercrime is this?

A) computer as incidental to other crime
B) computers as instruments of crime
C) computer as a target
D) crime associated with the prevalence of computers

Question 8

Graciela is debugging a program for her company using installed computer software that allows her to make changes without going through complicated access procedures. What is this kind of software called?

A) workaround
B) logic bomb
C) Trojan horse
D) trap door

Question 9

What are salami attacks used for?

A) It clones cell phone numbers.
B) It erases someone's identity.
C) theft
D) spying

Question 10

How can a virus infect a computer?

A) The victim downloads a file.
B) The victim buys an item from an unsecured website.
C) The victim leaves the log-in data on a public computer.
D) The victim sends personal information in an e-mail.

Question 11

A cyberdeviant named ScareBear systematically violates the security programs guarding a country's nuclear power plants. He intends to gain political concessions by threatening to initiate a nuclear meltdown. What category of cyberdeviant is ScareBear?

A) malicious hacker
B) career criminal
C) malcontent/addict
D) extreme advocate

Question 12

MotherofFlagons is driven to explore what computers can do. She is curious and will spend days at a time testing government security systems and designing work-arounds for accessing systems she is not supposed to access. She intends no harm, she just loves the challenge. What category of cyberdeviant is MotherofFlagons?

A) cracker
B) hacker
C) cyberpunk
D) coder

Question 13

What is the primary difference between hackers and crackers?

A) Hackers break the law; crackers do not.
B) Crackers are driven by the quest for information; hackers want money.
C) Hackers do not intend harm; crackers do.
D) Hackers are Generation X; crackers are millennial.

Question 14

Why do elite hackers value disembodied anonymity?

A) It makes the subculture more egalitarian.
B) It makes it easier to violate the law.
C) It ensures they are protected from criminal hackers.
D) It disconnects them from a society that does not appreciate them.

Question 15

Jackalope4U is able to interact with message boards without revealing any clues of their social status, race, class, age, or gender. As an elite hacker, they value this ______, because it means they are judged on their accomplishments alone.

A) disembodied anonymity
B) ethical fluidity
C) antipathy gap
D) dialectical materialism

Question 16

What makes cyberdeviant subculture possible?

A) the proliferation of smartphones
B) lack of government oversight
C) inadequate international laws
D) disembodied anonymity

Question 17

Which of the following statements about elite hackers is true?

A) Elite hackers are strong individualists.
B) Elite hackers view themselves as part of an inner circle.
C) Elite hackers enforce a code of behavior for lesser hackers.
D) Elite hackers see themselves as elite spies.

Question 18

What is a major ethical position of elite cyberdeviants?

A) sharing government secrets in public forums
B) collecting the private information of others
C) protecting the property of others against destruction
D) networking with other elite hackers

Question 19

Which of the following is an ethical standard of elite cyberdeviants?

A) leave no trace of security breaches
B) do not irreparably damage a legitimate user's information
C) report security vulnerabilities
D) leave a unique calling card to mark your successful breach of a target

Question 20

According to Donn Parker, how do cyberdeviants justify what they do?

A) They argue the harm they do is limited to computers.
B) They argue the government is too restrictive.
C) They argue that they provide an important security service.
D) They argue that their targets commit more cybercrime than they do.

Question 21

What is the primary motivation of most cyberdeviants?

A) destroying corporations
B) creating disorder
C) a sense of accomplishment
D) anarchy

Question 22

What is the "Robin Hood" syndrome?

A) a justification that cybercriminals use for stealing from large corporations
B) the idea that repressive governments actually create cybercriminals
C) the idea that cybercriminals are psychologically immature
D) a rationalization that cybercriminals are actually helping identify vulnerabilities in security systems

Question 23

Which theory of cyberdeviance would focus on the way that cyberdeviants can reject both the conventional goals and the conventional means of attaining those goals, replacing them with new, cyber-centric, means and goals?

A) social control
B) rational choice
C) differential association
D) anomie

Question 24

A cracker with the handle DeathFromAbove rationalizes her cyberdeviance by explaining that she only steals from corporate bank accounts in order to donate money to public libraries. What technique of neutralization is she using?

A) denial of victim
B) appeal to higher loyalties
C) denial of injury
D) denial of responsibility

Question 25

A cracker with the handle MaxZoom rationalizes his cyberdeviance by explaining that he uploads pirated media files because it doesn't hurt people, just faceless corporations. What technique of neutralization is he using?

A) condemnation of the condemners
B) denial of injury
C) denial of victim
D) appeal to higher loyalties

Question 26

It is easy to draft cybercrime legislation that is both constitutionally defensible and legally enforceable.

Question 27

There is no legislation against cybercrime at the federal level.

Question 28

China is the most frequent point of origin for cybercrime offenses.

Question 29

The demographic category with the highest rate of loss to cybercrime is those aged 50-59.

Question 30

Trap doors have no purpose beyond allowing cybercriminal access to otherwise secure data.

Question 31

A Trojan horse is one kind of virus delivery system.

Question 32

Mae would be classified a hacker, because she has no intention of committing cybercrime, though she likes to test her skills by attempting to breach financial institutions' computer network.

Question 33

Crackers are a kind of cybercriminals.

Question 34

The cyberdeviant subculture is based on real-world commonalities.

Question 35

Cyberdeviant subculture is organized into a hierarchy along strict race and gender lines.

Question 36

The majority of members within the cyberdeviant subculture believe that information should be free.

Question 37

The majority of members within the cyberdeviant subculture believe that computers make life worse.

Question 38

A hacker's status, power, and prestige depend upon recognition from others within the hacker subculture.

Question 39

Most cyberdeviants are motivated by financial gain.

Question 40

According to rational choice theory, cyberdeviants commit their crimes impulsively.

Question 41

How is a worm different from a virus?

Question 42

Distinguish between a hacker and a cracker.

Question 43

Describe three primary forms of unauthorized computer use.

Question 44

Distinguish between technovandalism and technotrespass.

Question 45

Apply the rational choice theory to cybercrime.

Question 46

Distinguish between the four categories of computer crime.

Question 47

Compare and contrast the four types of computer hackers described by Marc Rogers.

Question 48

Apply techniques of neutralization that offenders may use to justify cyberdeviance.

Question 49

Summarize methods of cyberdeviance.

Question 50

Distinguish between the seven types of cybercriminals identified by Donn Parker.