Deck 1: Introduction to the Study of Deviant Behavior

Question 1

Traditionally, there are two broad ways to define deviance. What are they?

A) normative and situational
B) mild and extreme
C) active and reactive
D) conformist and nonconformist

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If I focus on defining deviance as human behavior that violates generally accepted norms, I am using the ______ perspective to define deviance.

A) normative
B) situational
C) reactionist
D) relativistic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If I understand deviance by focusing primarily on when and where it occurs, I am using the ______ perspective.

A) cultural
B) conformist
C) normative
D) situational

Answer 3

D

Question 4

How are social norms different from social roles?

A) Social norms refer to informal behavior expectations, while social roles refer to formal behavior expectations.
B) Social norms are guides for behavior, while social roles are a set of social norms for the behavior of individuals with specific statuses.
C) Social roles offer a general guide for behavior, while social norms are expectations associated with specific statuses.
D) Social roles occur within the context of societies, while social norms occur within the context of cultures.

Question 5

When is the situational approach to defining deviance most useful?

A) when two cultures overlap
B) when norms conflict with desires
C) when norms are widely agreed upon
D) when there is disagreement about norms

Question 6

The prohibition against adults picking their noses with their fingers in public is an example of ______.

A) techniques of neutralization
B) mores
C) folkways
D) laws

Question 7

The prohibition against marriage between siblings is an example of ______.

A) situational deviance
B) mores
C) folkways
D) deviance

Question 8

The restrictions placed on how fast people can drive in the United States reflect ______.

A) situational deviance
B) mores
C) risk consciousness
D) laws

Question 9

According to Sumner, what determines whether behavior violates folkways, mores, or laws?

A) the age of the offender
B) how frequently the behavior occurs
C) the severity of sanctions for the behavior
D) the harm the behavior causes

Question 10

Physicist Dr. Stephen Hawking, with a number of honorary degrees and prestigious accomplishments, including the publication of A Brief History of Time, is a good example of someone enacting ______ deviance.

A) patterned
B) positive
C) chronic
D) routine

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of episodic deviance?

A) Yuning binge drinking at her 21st birthday party.
B) Kyle attending a support group for his gambling addiction.
C) Marcy shoplifting every day after school.
D) Javier joining a motorcycle club.

Question 12

Spray painting graffiti on police cars is a form of ______ deviance.

A) innovative
B) group
C) positive
D) idiosyncratic

Question 13

According to Kai Erikson, agents of social control ______.

A) perpetuate race, class, and gender stereotypes
B) depend upon the community to create norms
C) can encourage the behavior they intend to stop
D) ignore idiosyncratic deviance

Question 14

A young adult who cannot successfully complete classes begins selling drugs to their former classmates. They feel a sense of belonging they lacked before. Which latent function of deviant behavior does this represent?

A) providing a sense of identity
B) encouraging social change
C) scapegoating
D) tension release

Question 15

An imam organizes a protest march to draw attention to Islamophobia. Counterprotesters attend, inciting a riot that airs on the news, generating awareness of Islamophobia. What latent function of deviance does this primarily represent?

A) providing a sense of identity
B) scapegoating
C) warning of the need for social change
D) globalization of deviance

Question 16

Lelani is a deviant. Therefore, she ______.

A) utilizes both manifest and latent functions of deviance
B) uses techniques of neutralization
C) encourages other people to be deviant
D) provides a target for others to vent their rage upon

Question 17

What is a primary theme of this text?

A) how to define and control deviant behavior
B) the problems deviant behavior causes for a global society
C) the emerging nature of deviant behavior in the digital age
D) how intersecting identities create deviance

Question 18

According to the text, what is one major issue with applying classical theories of deviant behavior to deviant behavior in contemporary society?

A) They are no longer useful.
B) They were not intended to apply to every culture.
C) They are sexist, racist, and classist.
D) They assume social interaction is largely carried out in physical space.

Question 19

According to the text, what impact does the Internet have on deviant behavior?

A) The Internet offers agents of social control better tools to combat deviant behavior.
B) The Internet encourages the development of new forms of deviant behavior.
C) The Internet creates a record of deviant behavior that cannot be erased.
D) The Internet eliminates the need for deviant behavior.

Question 20

Social scientists study deviant behavior using ______, which means that social events are interpreted differently according to the cultural experiences and personal interests of those involved.

A) social relativity
B) processes of globalization
C) transnational interpretation
D) dimensions of integration

Question 21

How is patterned deviance different from idiosyncratic deviance?

A) Patterned deviance results in a negative outcome, idiosyncratic deviance results in a positive outcome.
B) Patterned deviance occurs according to a predictable script, idiosyncratic deviance is unique to each individual.
C) Idiosyncratic deviance is a departure from existing forms of deviance, patterned deviance is not.
D) Idiosyncratic deviance requires a high level of cognitive ability, patterned deviance does not.

Question 22

How is routine deviance different from innovative deviance?

A) Innovative deviance requires higher levels of cognitive ability.
B) Routine deviance has a negative outcome, innovative deviance has a positive outcome.
C) Innovative deviance is more common than routine deviance.
D) Routine deviance is committed by groups, innovative deviance is committed by individuals.

Question 23

Elijah is a(n) ______ deviant, because he persistently engages in compulsive gambling across a wide range of social situations.

A) idiosyncratic
B) innovative
C) chronic
D) routine

Question 24

According to Durkheim, what is society dependent upon?

A) agents of social control
B) strong collective sentiments about appropriate behavior
C) strict sanctions against deviant behavior
D) social institutions that encourage deviance

Question 25

What did Erikson suggest about deviant behavior?

A) Deviance is a property conferred upon behavior by people.
B) Deviance is a property inherent in particular behavior.
C) All people, when properly motivated, engage in deviant behavior.
D) Deviance is committed by those that cannot function in a routine world.

Question 26

Some forms of behavior are against the law but are not defined as deviant by the majority of the population.

Question 27

Expectational norms refer to what people actually do when occupying a specific social status.

Question 28

The situational approach to defining deviance involves defining actions, labeling actions, and responding to the label attached to actions.

Question 29

Idiosyncratic forms of deviance are more common than patterned forms of deviance.

Question 30

Sex addiction can be an example of chronic deviance.

Question 31

Emile Durkheim suggested that deviant behavior is an essential part of society.

Question 32

Deviance is not an isolated individual activity, it is a social event.

Question 33

What behavior is considered deviant behavior is universally agreed upon.

Question 34

Deviance is fundamentally a social construction.

Question 35

Emile Durkheim suggested that crime and deviance are pathological elements of society.

Question 36

Kai Erikson and Emile Durkheim would agree that deviance serves a purpose.

Question 37

Once the label of deviant has been applied, it is relatively easy to change the label and resume a normal life.

Question 38

Deviant behavior can bring about social change.

Question 39

When assessing deviant behavior, it must be considered as a phenomenon separate from the processes of globalization.

Question 40

Deviance plays a vital role in the economy of a society.

Question 41

Discuss, using examples, the differences between social norms and social roles.

Question 42

How are expectational norms different from behavioral norms?

Question 43

Identify aspects of the situational approach to defining deviance.

Question 44

How do deviants serve a scapegoating function?

Question 45

Describe, using examples, three of the dimensions of deviance.

Question 46

Discuss, using examples, the major consequences of globalization suggested by Giddens.

Question 47

How are processes of globalization related to deviance?

Question 48

Discuss the conceptual levels that can be used to understand deviant behavior.

Question 49

Explain how the conceptual framework used in this text would approach the study of a group of people that dress up as real or imaginary superheroes to perform good deeds.