Deck 15: Environmentalism

Question 1

What does conservationism seek to do?

A) establish national parks and protect wetlands
B) manage natural resources and foster sustainable development
C) encourage recycling and a reduction in resource demands
D) protect endangered species

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sustainable development is defined by the Brundtland Commission Report (1987)as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Advocates of animal liberation would like to ban the keeping of pets.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The preservation of prairie wetland by Ducks Unlimited is classified as a conservation effort,and not a concern of human welfare ecology.Why is this?

A) It has little to do with humans, but is primarily about wildlife conservation.
B) Human Welfare Ecology only concerns ecosystems where human are living, and Ducks Unlimited focuses on inhabitable wetlands.
C) The aim of the organization is to protect the environment for human enjoyment, not human health.
D) The organization was created before the emergence of human welfare ecology.

Question 5

Which of the following ideologies does NOT fall within the liberal tradition?

A) free market environmentalism
B) animal liberation
C) conservationism
D) human welfare ecology

Question 6

What does the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons imply?

A) Free riding is fine as long as it benefits everyone.
B) Communism in the long run has a tendency to destroy personal liberty.
C) Unregulated pursuit of self-interest does not produce long-term common benefit.
D) Governments must pay more attention to social and economic issues.

Question 7

Conservationism is an attempt to manage resources for human use in order to derive maximum benefit.

Question 8

Which of the following might be categorized as an ecocentric form of environmentalism?

A) conservationism
B) human welfare ecology
C) deep ecology
D) sustainable development

Question 9

According to one school of thought,a problem such as air pollution arises because no one owns the atmosphere,so they say it should be privatized like other forms of private property.

Question 10

According to the ideas of free-market environmentalism,why might the Kyoto Accord have been doomed to fail?

A) It did not make use of governments as regulatory bodies.
B) It focussed on individual self-interest instead of the common good.
C) It placed unreasonable limits on the market, reducing profits and increasing costs.
D) It sought to privatize, as much as possible, the common good.

Question 11

The rise of human welfare ecology began,most observers agree,in 1962 with the publication of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring.

Question 12

The tragedy of the commons illustrates how the unregulated pursuit of individual self-interest produces collective loss rather than common benefits in the long run.

Question 13

The environmental ideology of free-market environmentalism is close in ideas to classical liberalism.

Question 14

Which ideology could be considered to include both conservationism and human welfare ecology as ideological extensions?

A) conservatism
B) communism
C) liberalism
D) socialism

Question 15

What is the most fundamental reason that deep ecology differs from liberalism?

A) It is ecocentric, not anthropocentric; it posits inherent values outside human experience.
B) Its case rests on the intrinsic importance of nature, not on whether humans use it.
C) It considers the well-being, rights, and interests of non-human life.
D) It is a radical challenge to the civilization that has generated all other ideologies.

Question 16

Even though deep ecology is often at odds with free-market environmentalism,at which point do their paths cross?

A) During deep ecology protests, which are based on the ideas of free-market environmentalism.
B) During deep ecology protests, which are made effective by the existence of the free-market economy.
C) During political debates, where they both support the same objective.
D) During political debates, where they both support the same solutions.

Question 17

According to both conservationism and human welfare ecology,which of the following is NOT a key cause of environmental problems?

A) market failure
B) free riding
C) individual self-interest
D) denial of animal rights

Question 18

Which two ideas are the most fundamental to conservationism?

A) sustainability and protection
B) protection and production
C) sustainability and biodiversity
D) production and biodiversity

Question 19

The approach that posits the entire natural order,not human happiness,as its highest value is called anthropocentrism.

Question 20

What is one of the things that proponents of animal liberation support?

A) the use of laboratory animals in finding cures for human diseases
B) the raising of animals for food
C) using guide dogs to help the blind
D) hunting by aboriginal peoples

Question 21

In what ways does environmentalism constitute a fundamental break with liberalism? In what ways does it fall within the liberal tradition?

Question 22

___________ was formulated by Arne Ness and George Sessions in 1974.One of its variants is wilderness ___________ which is manifested in the movements to save the earth's rain forests.Another variant is the animal __________ movement.

Question 23

Human welfare ecology was formulated by Arne Ness and George Sessions in 1974.

Question 24

___________ is the attempt to manage natural resources for human use.The emergence of the discipline of ___________ was one if its important developments.Another was the national ___________ movements in Canada and the United States.

Question 25

Animal liberation is the policy that makes zoos recreate the natural habitat of their kept animals.

Question 26

What are the essential elements of the deep ecology movement? List the major tenets of its ideological disposition.

Question 27

Discuss the success and failure of environmentalist political parties and advocacy groups.

Question 28

Compare and contrast the anthropocentric and ecocentric approaches to the environment.

Question 29

The 1872 Yellowstone Park Act and the 1885 creation of Banff National Park are examples of ______________.

Question 30

The rise of ___________ ecology began in 1962 with the publication of ___________ by Rachel Carson.This movement began as an extension of ___________.

Question 31

Human welfare ecology is all about better tourism practices.

Question 32

Because it questions the very possibility of unlimited growth,sustainable development tends to go beyond the both the classical and reform liberal traditions.

Question 33

Environmentalism is not fundamentally at odds with hunting.In other words,if you hunt or support hunting you can legitimately call yourself an environmentalist.

Question 34

Defined by the Brundtland Commission Report (1987)as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to meet their own needs,is known as __________.

Question 35

What are the differences between conservationism and deep ecology? Are they at odds with each other?

Question 36

One of the variants of deep ecology is 'ecotage' and another is animal liberation.

Question 37

Banff National Park,Canada's first national park,is an excellent example of conservationism.

Question 38

The human-centred approach to humanity's relationship with nature is called ____________ and the approach that posits the entire natural order,not human happiness,as its highest value is called _________.

Question 39

In ______ the first ___________ was founded in New Zealand as the Values Party.

Question 40

Discuss Garret Hardin's essay "The Tragedy of the Commons." Is climate change an example of this phenomenon? What possible solutions are there to the tragedy?

Question 41

Dickerson,Flanagan,and O'Neill argue that deep ecology is a challenge to the civilization that generated all other political ideologies.Would a follower of deep ecology agree with this statement? Why or why not?

Question 42

Even if environmentalists are rarely elected to political positions in Canada,have they been able to influence policy development? If so,how?

Question 43

Is environmentalism necessarily at odds with hunting? In other words,if you hunt or support hunting can you legitimately call yourself an environmentalist?