Deck 4: Making Foreign Policy

Question 1

Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato Si: On Care for Our Common Home contained an argument that links _______ and _______ together.

A) climate change; the rise of militant nationalism
B) poverty; arms sales
C) climate change; poverty and social justice
D) racism; climate change

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the text, globalization _______ undermine(s) the global state order and state sovereignty.

A) never
B) may
C) always
D) must

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Nationalism may be seen as both a _______ and a _______ globalization.

A) reaction to; product of
B) cause of; requirement for
C) variety of; precursor to
D) successor to; subtype of

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The foreign policy process describes

A) the standard operating procedure followed by a state.
B) how states interact with the global system.
C) the problem-solving process for international distributes.
D) the foreign policy doctrine of a state.

Question 5

The common realist model of international politics has a _______ perspective in which leaders are _______.

A) state-centric; right-wing revisionists
B) state-centric; rational actors
C) national; caught in the Prisoner's Dilemma
D) global; concerned with the moral implications of their actions

Question 6

An individual who crosses an international border when fleeing persecution or conflict is legally considered a(n)

A) externally displaced person.
B) refugee.
C) illegal migrant.
D) internally displaced person.

Question 7

Many neoclassical realists believe that _______ shape(s) foreign policy, and thus _______.

A) domestic political interests; foreign policy is immutable
B) state-strengthening nationalism; leaders should drive public opinion
C) civic nationalism; state-subverting nationalism should be eliminated
D) domestic political interests; a state's priorities may change

Question 8

Someone who considers someone to be their fellow citizen only if they share a racial identity is termed a(n)

A) local nationalist.
B) civic nationalist.
C) racialist.
D) ethnonationalist.

Question 9

What is a set of political practices, traditions and values known as?

A) Nationalist culture
B) Political culture
C) Political process
D) Political society

Question 10

_______ is/are usually related to what citizens expect from their governments.

A) National interests
B) Ethnic or state-supporting nationalism
C) Primal interests
D) Civic or state-supporting nationalism

Question 11

Which writer said that great powers seek to maximize their share of world power?

A) Raymond Aron
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) John Mearsheimer

Question 12

One way in which middle powers can achieve their goals is through being

A) intransigent.
B) overtly aggressive.
C) strong advocates of national self-determination.
D) catalysts.

Question 13

At the basic level citizens want the state to protect the borders, provide internal security, and support and maintain a means of exchange or a marketplace. These are often called

A) emergent interests.
B) national interests.
C) civil interests.
D) globalized interests.

Question 14

Realist Hans Morgenthau believed the "pursuit of power" was

A) unnecessary in an age of nuclear weapons.
B) as natural as summer thunderstorms.
C) sentimental nationalism dressed as a higher moral good.
D) the essence of politics.

Question 15

In undemocratic or authoritarian states, citizens might not have as much to say about what their leaders decide to do in the international system,

A) and neither do bureaucratic agencies, thus mitigating the detrimental effect of no public input.
B) but bureaucratic agencies and elites do have a voice.
C) but transnational corporations do, often toppling governments that repress the human rights of citizens.
D) and neither do elites-only the autocrat does.

Question 16

Foreign policymaking is a(n) _______ process of pursuing the goals of a state.

A) three-step
B) all-encompassing
C) four-phase
D) six-stage

Question 17

A state that attempts to keep a degree of their status and power in the international system would most likely pursue a _______ foreign policy.

A) preservative
B) preventive
C) conservative
D) retention

Question 18

The methods and tools that national leaders use to achieve the national interests of a state are called

A) national security policy.
B) statecraft.
C) rational actor model.
D) defense policy.

Question 19

_______ play a role in the initiation, formulation, and implementation phases of foreign policymaking?

A) IGOs
B) International bureaucracies
C) NGOs
D) Ordinary citizens

Question 20

The rise of nationalism from the late eighteenth century nationalized this state order, later extending beyond Europe

A) thereby organizing global politics on the basis of national self-centralism.
B) until national self-censorship became prevalent in the developing world.
C) until the whole world was organized as a series of nation-states.
D) until the whole world was organized on the principle of the national self-actualization.

Question 21

Foreign policy actors will often pursue different goals simultaneously because foreign policy connects domestic politics and international relations. For example, leaders

A) advocate both nationalism and nihilism to ensure vital resources necessary for irredentist medications to trade relations.
B) might advocate environmental protections to satisfy domestic groups but maintain a strong commitment to the Kyoto Protocol.
C) might advocate both parliamentarianism and federalism to placate ardent nationalists.
D) might advocate human rights policy to satisfy domestic interest groups but maintain trade relations with an authoritarian state because of the need for natural resources.

Question 22

Realists and liberals both advocate the use of sticks as foreign policy tools. An example of this was

A) Danish foreign minister Rasmussen recommending an end to NATO.
B) the Chiapas uprisings.
C) President Woodrow Wilson pushing the US into the World War I.
D) the drafting of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968.

Question 23

Prior to the twentieth century, which of the following did not exist as a legal category?

A) Refugee
B) National self-censorship
C) National interest
D) Ideational interest

Question 24

Zimbabwe is an example of a _______ state.

A) modern
B) postmodern
C) fragile
D) nihilistic

Question 25

States reconsidered who could be classified as a refugee following

A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Geneva Conventions.
D) the Franco-Prussian War.

Question 26

Legally, a person who has fled their home due to conflict but has not crossed an international border was historically considered a(n)

A) internally displaced person.
B) EDP.
C) refugee.
D) asylee.

Question 27

Some liberal internationalists believe that to build international society middle powers should embrace a _______ view of national priorities and interests.

A) Darwinian
B) Hobbesian
C) Kantian or normative
D) Marxist

Question 28

Raising awareness of humanitarian issues, initiating debate on foreign policy issues, and soliciting aid for humanitarian crises are efforts that are typically performed by

A) intransigent states.
B) NGOs.
C) celebrities.
D) PGOs.

Question 29

Brookings Institution, RAND corporation, American Enterprise Institute, and Center for American Progress are examples of

A) thought generators.
B) brain drains.
C) IGOs.
D) think tanks.

Question 30

Comprehensive foreign policy studies done by universities, think tanks, research institutions, and NGOs

A) can lead to a declaration of state-strengthening nationalism.
B) can trigger states to take action or to re-evaluate current policies.
C) never cause states to change policies, because the state is insulated from pressure groups.
D) always lead to reductionist public pronouncements from political leaders.

Question 31

A crisis situation might call for _______ involvement in the _______ phase of the foreign policymaking process.

A) less executive; formulation
B) legislative deliberation; implementation
C) more individual; initiation
D) fewer individual; formulation

Question 32

When a foreign policy style continues over a long period of time, we call it a

A) zero-sum game.
B) foreign policy movement.
C) foreign policy tradition.
D) foreign policy institution.

Question 33

A state that defers to more powerful states could be said to pursue a(n) _______ foreign policy.

A) intransigent
B) sermon-based
C) acquiescent
D) soft power

Question 34

In brief, what are the phases of the foreign policy process?

A) Examine, explain, exculpate, and extract
B) Signify, situational, and strengthen
C) Evaluate, extract, develop, and act
D) Define, develop, act, and evaluate

Question 35

A state's tangible or physical foreign policy goals are also called _______ interests.

A) mandible
B) material
C) matriarchal
D) ideological

Question 36

The psychological, moral, or ethical goals of a state are also called _______ interests.

A) idiographic
B) idiopathic
C) isomorphic
D) ideational

Question 37

A state protecting the global commons or providing increased levels of prosperity are elements of

A) the national interest.
B) primordial loyalties.
C) foreign policy formulation.
D) anarchy reduction goals.

Question 38

When state actors engage in discussions of various types to end disputes without going to war, they are conducting

A) the Concert of Europe.
B) diplomacy.
C) demagoguery.
D) reciprocity.

Question 39

According to the text, government officials who use mass culture and mass media to send messages are

A) steering the ship of state.
B) conducting coercive diplomacy.
C) conducting demagoguery.
D) conducting public diplomacy.

Question 40

During negotiations between two states, Country A threats Country B with war if Country B does not concede on the issue. In this case, Country A is

A) steering the ship of state.
B) conducting coercive diplomacy.
C) conducting demagoguery.
D) conducting public diplomacy.

Question 41

According to the text, threats of force in negotiations are examples of

A) sticks.
B) stones.
C) rotten carrots.
D) soft power.

Question 42

When Country A offers Country B material inducements to cooperate, Country A is offering

A) sticks.
B) fruit.
C) beans.
D) carrots.

Question 43

Offering material inducements to gain international cooperation is an example of _______ power.

A) hard
B) soft
C) zero-sum
D) positive-sum

Question 44

Using the attractiveness of a state's culture as an inducement to gain international cooperation is an example of _______ power.

A) hard
B) soft
C) zero-sum
D) positive-sum

Question 45

Who is credited with coining the terms hard power and soft power?

A) Christine Ingebritsen
B) Ernst Haas
C) Christopher Walker
D) Joseph S. Nye

Question 46

_______ is/are the action options that large organizations like governments normally have ready to use in reaction to general categories of events, crises, and actions.

A) Standard operating procedures
B) Prepared packaged response
C) Planned eventuality metrics
D) Standard eventuality plans

Question 47

According to the text, which of the following is an example of a middle power?

A) France
B) Australia
C) Nauru
D) Gondwanaland

Question 48

If a state has a foreign policy that advances its own values and interests and seeks to create an international system based on these values, that state is said to have a(n)

A) promotive foreign policy.
B) intransigent foreign policy.
C) prepared packaged response.
D) coercive diplomacy.

Question 49

A foreign policy that challenges the rules established by the great powers or rule-making states is called

A) promotive foreign policy.
B) intransigent foreign policy.
C) prepared packaged response.
D) coercive diplomacy.

Question 50

The history and traditions of a state are part of the _______ level of analysis.

A) cultural world
B) social world
C) individual
D) domestic

Question 51

States that have the political, economic, and military resources to shape the world beyond their borders are often called

A) intransigent states.
B) middle powers.
C) great powers.
D) adaptive states.

Question 52

An international system that requires self-help, ongoing arms races, and uncertainty with regards to the intentions of other states can all contribute to

A) the security dilemma.
B) the prisoner's dilemma.
C) the dilemma of the commons.
D) security angst.

Question 53

In the case of the ongoing upheaval in Darfur, NGOs using _______ have been providing the public _______.

A) hard power; with images of climate change
B) moral suasion; with information about the local effects of economic globalization
C) an intransigent foreign policy; options to revise governmental approval ratings
D) the Internet; with information about the atrocities

Question 54

China and Brazil are examples of which type of state?

A) Post-modern
B) Pre-material
C) Modern
D) Pre-modern

Question 55

A foreign policy sermon that is directed to global audiences is known as

A) moral superiority.
B) normative persuasion.
C) an ideational stick.
D) moral suasion.

Question 56

According to the text _______ of UNICEF's budget comes from _______.

A) a majority; the United States and China
B) a large share; Nordic countries
C) nearly all; Britain and France
D) very little; Nordic countries

Question 57

The US government agency that administers the country's foreign aid programs is called

A) US Agency for International Development (USAID).
B) US Foreign Aid Department (USFAD).
C) US Aid of Foreign Development Agency (USAFDA).
D) US Development and Foreign Aid Agency (USDFAA).

Question 58

What are the four main levels of analysis?

A) Personal, group, country, world
B) Individual, national, international systemic, and global
C) World, political, personal, and state
D) Economics, human rights, war, and peace

Question 59

According to the text, factors such as pollution, pandemics like COVID-19, and weather patterns that can affect foreign policy are examples of the _______ level of analysis.

A) human rights
B) national
C) global
D) individual

Question 60

A foreign policy tradition is an example of a(n) _______ level of analysis.

A) individual
B) national
C) international systemic
D) global

Question 61

Define nationalism in 40 words or fewer.

Question 62

What benefits might result from an intransigent foreign policy?

Question 63

Is the concept of the nation-states obsolete?

Question 64

To what types of entities do individuals owe their allegiance in premodern states?

Question 65

Briefly, what was the effect of World War I on nationalism in Europe?

Question 66

Has technology such as the Internet undermined nationalism?

Question 67

What are the expectations of citizens with regards to their state's national interests?

Question 68

Does nationalism always strengthen a government's power?

Question 69

Briefly provide an example of a fragile or failed state and explain what makes them so.

Question 70

Does nationalism help or hinder order in the international system?

Question 71

Are standard operating procedures a benefit or a detriment to foreign policymaking?

Question 72

What are the ways in which personal characteristics can affect outcomes in the rational actor model?

Question 73

What are the four levels of analysis? How are they used to explain the behavior of states?

Question 74

How do bureaucracies influence the foreign policy process?

Question 75

Which types of actors are involved in the process of foreign policymaking?

Question 76

Criticize the concept "standard operating procedures" from a constructivist perspective.

Question 77

In what ways do small states have power and influence in the international system?

Question 78

Contemporary globalization erodes nation-state sovereignty but does not undermine nationalism. Discuss.

Question 79

What are the phases of foreign policymaking?

Question 80

What is a foreign policy doctrine?