Question 1

Mowrer's two-factory theory states that phobias are acquired through _________________ and maintained through _________________.&#10;A) Classical conditioning; operant conditioning&#10;B) Biological factors; maladaptive thoughts&#10;C) Biological factors; operant conditioning&#10;D) Operant conditioning; classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

Mowrer's two-factor theory posits that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning, where an individual learns to associate a neutral stimulus with a fear response, and maintained through operant conditioning, where avoidance behaviors are negatively reinforced by the reduction of fear or anxiety.

Question 2

Foa and Kozak's Emotional Processing Theory has been used to provide a rationale for treating anxiety disorders using exposure-based methods. Which of the following is true about this theory?&#10;A) The theory contends that anxiety disorders are characterized by pathological fear structures.&#10;B) Exposure treatment is effective if only a small portion of the client's fear structure is activated (e.g., just the thoughts/beliefs the client has about the feared situation).&#10;C) In addition to the activation of the fear structure, treatment should incorporate new information that is incompatible with pathological fear structure elements.&#10;D) Both a. and c.

Accepted Answer

Foa and Kozak's Emotional Processing Theory posits that anxiety disorders are characterized by pathological fear structures, and that effective exposure treatment requires not only the activation of these fear structures but also the incorporation of new information that contradicts the elements of the pathological fear.

Question 3

Which of the following is true about lifespan considerations for Panic Disorder?&#10;A) Cognitive symptoms of Panic Disorder are less common in children.&#10;B) Although Panic Disorder is associated with increased suicide risk, this is not true for older adults with the disorder.&#10;C) Panic Disorder is one of the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorders in children.&#10;D) As individuals with Panic Disorder age, their symptoms typically worsen.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive symptoms of Panic Disorder, such as fear of losing control or going crazy, are less common in children compared to adults.

Question 4

All of the following statements about GAD are true except:&#10;A) Major Depressive Disorder is one of the most common comorbidities of this disorder.&#10;B) Individuals with the disorder worry about a number of different common everyday areas such as the well-being of their loved ones, their own physical health, work/school, and finances.&#10;C) An associated feature of GAD is difficulty tolerating ambiguity.&#10;D) Individuals with GAD frequently &#34;worry about their worry&#34; (e.g., worry about the negative effects worrying will have on them) and almost never view their worrying as having positive qualities/benefits.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with GAD often believe that worrying has positive qualities, such as helping them prepare for the worst or preventing bad things from happening, which contradicts the statement that they "almost never view their worrying as having positive qualities/benefits."

Question 5

Which of the following is true about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?&#10;A) According to the DSM-5, the fear or anxiety in SAD must be present at least 3 months and be out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the feared situations.&#10;B) The key feature of SAD is a fear of one or more social situations that involve potential scrutiny by others.&#10;C) Being able to tolerate a social situation despite a high degree of distress is a contraindication for SAD.&#10;D) Individuals with SAD tend to evaluate both their own social performance and the social performance of others more negatively than objective observers.&#10;E) All of the above are true about SAD.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 6

The nature of thoughts in Hoarding Disorder is generally _________________. The nature of thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive disorder is generally _________________.&#10;A) Ego-syntonic; ego-syntonic&#10;B) Ego-dystonic; ego-syntonic&#10;C) Ego-syntonic; ego-dystonic&#10;D) Ego-dystonic; ego-dystonic

Accepted Answer

In Hoarding Disorder, the thoughts and behaviors are usually ego-syntonic, meaning individuals often see their hoarding as reasonable and have less insight into the problematic nature of their behavior. In contrast, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by ego-dystonic thoughts, where the individual recognizes their obsessions and compulsions as irrational or excessive, causing distress and anxiety.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?&#10;A) According to the DSM-5, obsessions cannot be held with delusional intensity.&#10;B) Compulsions can be observable behaviors or mental acts.&#10;C) Asking for reassurance is a compulsion often missed by clinicians.&#10;D) Both b and c

Accepted Answer

Compulsions in OCD can indeed be both observable behaviors (like hand-washing or checking locks) and mental acts (such as counting or praying silently). Asking for reassurance is a common compulsion in OCD, which can be overlooked by clinicians, as it can be mistaken for simple worry or concern rather than a repetitive behavior aimed at reducing anxiety related to an obsession.

Question 8

Which of the following is false about PTSD as defined in the DSM-5?&#10;A) Individuals must have directly experienced, witnessed in person, or learned that a close family member/friend experienced the trauma.&#10;B) Exposure to trauma through electronic media (e.g., movies, television, pictures) does not meet the definition of a traumatic stressor, unless such exposure occurs in the context of one's job.&#10;C) The experience of a traumatic stressor must be marked by feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror when the trauma occurred.&#10;D) Symptoms include negative alterations in cognitions, such as distorted beliefs about oneself, the world, or others.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 does not require that the experience of a traumatic stressor must be marked by feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror when the trauma occurred. This was a criterion in the DSM-IV but was removed in the DSM-5 to acknowledge that individuals can have a wide range of emotional responses to trauma.

Question 9

Panic Control Treatment (PCT) is an exposure-based treatment that utilizes all of the following except:&#10;A) Exposure and response prevention&#10;B) Psychoeducation&#10;C) Interoceptive exposure&#10;D) Cognitive restructuring

Accepted Answer

Panic Control Treatment (PCT) includes psychoeducation, interoceptive exposure, and cognitive restructuring as core components. Exposure and response prevention is more commonly associated with treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), not PCT.

Question 10

The writing of an impact statement that discusses how a trauma experience has affected/changed the client is a key part of which of the following PTSD treatments?&#10;A) EMDR&#10;B) Cognitive Processing Therapy&#10;C) MBCT&#10;D) Prolonged Exposure

Accepted Answer

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) involves writing an impact statement as a key part of its treatment process. This statement helps clients understand and articulate the impact of their trauma, facilitating cognitive restructuring of traumatic beliefs.

Deck 9: Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive, and Trauma Disorders