Question 1

What is Kraepelin's role in the history of diagnostic classification?&#10;A) First to propose that mental illness was a disease of the brain&#10;B) Proposed a classification system based on possession by evil spirits&#10;C) Used Freudian concepts to develop the &#34;neurotic&#34; classification&#10;D) First to propose a psychiatric classification system based on systematic observation of clinical syndromes

Accepted Answer

Kraepelin is known for proposing a psychiatric classification system based on the systematic observation of clinical syndromes, which laid the groundwork for modern psychiatric diagnostics.

Question 2

What best describes the relationship between the ICD and the DSM systems of diagnostic classification?&#10;A) The ICD system is published by the World Health Organization and DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association.&#10;B) The ICD is descriptive and the DSM is etiological.&#10;C) The DSM hopes to promote interrater reliability whereas the ICD is based on clinical judgment.&#10;D) The DSM has a theoretical basis whereas the ICD is purely empirical.

Accepted Answer

The ICD (International Classification of Diseases) is published by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). This highlights the organizational difference between the two systems.

Question 3

For each diagnostic category, which DSM section is the most useful for making a diagnosis?&#10;A) Prevalence&#10;B) Associated Features&#10;C) Diagnostic Features&#10;D) Risk and Prognostic Factors

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic Features section of the DSM provides the core criteria and characteristics necessary for making a diagnosis, making it the most useful section for this purpose.

Question 4

Which outcome of acculturation places an individual at higher risk for mental health problems?&#10;A) Rejection of the dominant culture and a relinquishing of one's original culture&#10;B) Assimilation to the dominant culture and a relinquishing of one's original culture&#10;C) Adoption of some aspects of the dominant culture and retention of some aspects of the original culture&#10;D) Separation from the dominant culture and retention of one's original culture

Accepted Answer

Rejection of both the dominant culture and one's original culture can lead to a lack of social support and identity confusion, increasing the risk of mental health issues.

Question 5

Which is not an accepted strategy for resolving diagnostic uncertainty?&#10;A) Gather more information&#10;B) Refuse to assign a diagnosis&#10;C) Request psychological assessment&#10;D) Get permission to contact family members

Accepted Answer

Refusing to assign a diagnosis is not an accepted strategy for resolving diagnostic uncertainty. Instead, healthcare professionals are encouraged to gather more information, consider psychological assessments, and, with appropriate permissions, consult with family members or others close to the patient to gain a fuller understanding of the situation.

Question 6

A diagnosis should be listed with the words &#34;rule out&#34; when:&#10;A) You have excluded it&#10;B) You think it might fit but you need to gather more data&#10;C) The patient fulfills the criteria but the diagnosis carries a stigma&#10;D) It is rare in the clinical setting where you are working

Accepted Answer

"Rule out" is used when a diagnosis is considered a possibility but requires further investigation or data to confirm. It indicates that the healthcare provider is considering the diagnosis but has not yet gathered enough evidence to definitively diagnose the patient with that condition.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an advantage of the DSM?&#10;A) A classification communication system&#10;B) High reliability and comparable to ICD&#10;C) Descriptive diagnostic criteria&#10;D) High validity not reliant on clinical judgment

Accepted Answer

The DSM is criticized for its validity issues, as it heavily relies on clinical judgment, which can vary significantly between practitioners. Unlike reliability, which refers to the consistency of the diagnostic process, validity concerns whether the diagnosis accurately captures the disorder it purports to represent.

Question 8

The DSM describes disorders as clusters of __________ and __________ that are organized around essential features and form specific constellations.&#10;A) Stressors; triggers&#10;B) Impairments; distress&#10;C) Signs; symptoms&#10;D) Thoughts; behaviors

Accepted Answer

The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) describes disorders as clusters of signs (observable indicators) and symptoms (subjective experiences reported by the patient) that are organized around essential features and form specific constellations. This approach helps in the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.

Question 9

The single most common diagnostic error in clinical practice involves failing to take _____________________ into consideration.&#10;A) Substance-related etiology&#10;B) General medical conditions&#10;C) Comorbid diagnoses&#10;D) Pre-existing mental disorders

Accepted Answer

The answer of The single most common diagnostic error in...

Question 10

Premorbid functioning refers to:&#10;A) A client's overall level of depression before hospitalization&#10;B) A client's overall level of insight before intake&#10;C) A client's overall level of motor functioning before death&#10;D) A client's overall level of functioning before the onset of a disorder

Accepted Answer

Premorbid functioning refers to the level of psychological and physical functioning prior to the onset of a disorder or disease. This concept is often used in mental health to assess how an individual was doing in various aspects of life before they became ill.

Deck 2: Essentials of Diagnosis