Deck 8: Communication Style and Its Impact on Counseling and Psychotherapy

Question 1

The study of kinesics refers to perception and use of personal and interpersonal space.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Most therapists are concerned with whether communication appropriate rather than accurate.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

_____________ refers to vocal cues that individuals use to communicate, such as loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate of speech, and inflections.

Answer 3

Paralanguage

Question 4

Part A: Describe the concept of proxemics as it relates to different cultures.
Part B: Elaborate on how this may be interpreted in a counseling context.

Question 5

Low-context cultures tend to be more opportunistic and individual oriented.

Question 6

The cultural group that best characterizes these communication styles are the ____________ ________________.
$\bullet$ speak softly/slower
$\bullet$ indirect gaze when listening or speaking
$\bullet$ interject less; seldom offer encouraging communication
$\bullet$ delayed auditory (silence)
$\bullet$ manner of expression low keyed, indirect

Question 7

Differences in communication style are most strongly manifested in verbal communication.

Question 8

Communication styles are

A) strongly correlated with race, culture, and ethnicity
B) strongly influenced by gender
C) often more dependent on nonverbal than verbal communication
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following may be affected by race or culture

A) proxemics
B) kinesics
C) paralanguage
D) high- and low-context communication

Question 10

Some African Americans tend to feel it is more important to listen to what a White person has to say than to pay attention to nonverbal behavior.

Question 11

Nonverbal cues are important because they often reflect our conscious biases.

Question 12

When counselors remain unaware of their own biases, their nonverbal behaviors are likely to reveal their true feelings.

Question 13

Which gesture or body movement type in the culture indicated is INCORRECT?

A) A French person who lifts her chin when speaking is seen as poised and polite.
B) Mayan tribe members say no by jerking the head to the right.
C) Asians may consider being shown the bottom of the feet as a sign of rudeness and arrogance.
D) Muslim consider it an obscenity to touch anyone with the left hand.

Question 14

________________ ___________ refers to those factors that go beyond the content of what is said.

Question 15

What has been found regarding nonverbal communication?

A) The lack of facial expression in many Asians has contributed to their "model minority" status.
B) Avoidance of eye contact is often interpreted negatively.
C) Many Black Americans make infrequent eye contact when speaking.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Explain the culturally complex rules of when to speak or allowing someone else to speak.

Question 17

Effective helping depends on the counselor and the client being able to ______ and ________ both ________ and _________ messages accurately and appropriately.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is INACCURATE regarding proxemics?

A) In general, greater space is accorded to those of greater prestige and status.
B) In U. S. society, people seem more uncomfortable when others stand too close rather than too far away.
C) Latin Americans may feel more uncomfortable having a desk between them and the person they are speaking to.
D) The factor of personal space has minor implications for how furniture is arranged or where the seats are located.
E) Some Eskimos may prefer to sit side by side rather than across from one another when talking about intimate aspects of their lives.

Question 19

In regard to the meaning of facial expressions:

A) among Asians, smiling may represent embarrassment, apprehension, or anxiety.
B) some Asians believe that smiling may suggest weakness.
C) it appears to be culturally conditioned.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which statement about the differences between Black and White styles of communication is INACCURATE?

A) White middle-class individuals tend to be advocates rather than mere spokespersons of ideas.
B) African Americans are often high-keyed, emotional, and confrontational in presenting their ideas.
C) White middle-class individuals believe that emotion and reason work against one another.
D) African Americans tend to believe that ideas are to be tested in the crucible of argument.

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding counseling and therapy as a communication style?

A) Although theories of counseling differ, they represent similar communication patterns.
B) Different cultural groups may be more receptive to certain counseling styles because of cultural and sociocultural factors.
C) As opposed to African Americans, Asian American clients prefer an insight approach to a directive approach.
D) Black males and females tend to use more reflection and self-exploration than their White counterparts.

Question 22

High-context cues and situations are common in traditional Asian societal communication styles.

Question 23

A Latin American, Black American, or Arab American may perceive the counselor that backs away from a client to be

A) acting appropriately
B) respectful of personal space
C) haughty or aloof
D) None of the choices is correct.

Question 24

Counselors who believe that direct eye contact is a positive indicator of mental health may

A) perceive African American clients negatively.
B) believe that Asian American clients are pathological.
C) perceive Whites as healthier than people of color.
D) All of the choices are correct.