Deck 8: Cognitive Abilities: Individual Tests

Question 1

Spearman is mainly identified with which theory of intelligence?

A) hierarchical model
B) primary mental abilities
C) developmental model
D) "g"

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Thurstone claimed about how many relatively distinct abilities?

A) 3
B) 9
C) 24
D) 150

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which is the correct historical order for the emergence of these theories of intelligence from earliest to most recent (g = "g", p = primary mental abilities, h = hierarchical)?

A) g, h, p
B) h, g, p
C) p, h, g
D) g, p, h

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What statistical technique developed in conjunction with the debates about theories of intelligence?

A) standard deviation
B) interquartile range
C) factor analysis
D) measures of effect size

Question 5

Basically, Thurstone and Spearman were arguing over the degree of ___.

A) mean differences between tests
B) standard deviations of tests
C) correlations among tests
D) overlap in test distributions

Question 6

Which was NOT one of the original "primary mental abilities?"

A) spatial
B) verbal
C) numerical
D) artistic

Question 7

According to the text, what has happened in recent years regarding the titles of tests aimed at measuring intelligence? The titles have ___.

A) converged on use of the term "intelligence
B) converged on use of the term "mental ability"
C) used an increased diversity of terms

Question 8

In most hierarchical models, what is placed at the top of the hierarchy?

A) "g"
B) "s"
C) achievement
D) creativity

Question 9

Hierarchical models of intelligence attempted to seek a compromise between ___.

A) research vs. practical applications of tests
B) clinical vs. non-clinical applications of tests
C) uni-factor and multi-factor theories of intelligence
D) individual and group administered tests of intelligence

Question 10

Carroll's comprehensive summary of the factor analytic research on intelligence gave rise to his own ___.

A) three-stratum model
B) structure of intellect model
C) triarchic model
D) theory of multiple intelligences

Question 11

According to the textbook, which term best describes the level of agreement about the meaning of intelligence among psychologists who study this matter carefully?

A) Near perfect agreement
B) Quite good agreement
C) Some agreement but lots of differences
D) Almost no agreement

Question 12

According to the textbook, how many studies have been conducted on the relationship between performance on intelligence tests and standing on some external, real-world criterion?

A) A vast number
B) A moderate number
C) Very few

Question 13

Which term does NOT occur among the elements usually listed in definitions of "intelligence"?

A) think abstractly
B) learn quickly
C) plan effectively
D) proceed creatively

Question 14

Which term does NOT occur among the elements usually listed in definitions of "intelligence"?

A) have expertise in at least one field
B) deal effectively with symbols
C) identify relationships
D) speed of mental processing

Question 15

Which of these external criteria typically shows the highest correlation with performance on intelligence tests?

A) occupational prestige
B) socioeconomic status
C) job performance
D) academic achievement

Question 16

Correlations between performance on an intelligence test and job performance tend to be in the range ___.

A) .00-.60
B) .30-.60
C) .60-.90
D) .90-1.00

Question 17

We can interpret a correlation coefficient in terms of the "percent of variance accounted for." Using this method, the correlation r = .60 accounts for what percent of variance?

A) .06
B) .36
C) .40
D) .60

Question 18

Individual tests of cognitive abilities typically cover a wide range of abilities but they involve using only some items with each examinee. The items to be used in a particular case are usually selected by ___.

A) tables of random numbers
B) computer-adaptive models
C) use of start- and stop-rules
D) examinee interests

Question 19

Establishing a warm, friendly, cooperative atmosphere before testing begins is called establishing ___.

A) interest investment
B) diligence
C) rapport
D) fellowship

Question 20

In individually administered cognitive ability tests, it is usually important for the examiner to score items immediately in order to ___.

A) save time later in determining total scores
B) decide when to discontinue testing
C) not forget what the examinee's response was
D) prepare the test booklet for machine-scoring

Question 21

The more widely used individually administered tests of cognitive ability usually take about how long to administer?

A) 20 minutes
B) 60 minutes
C) 3 hours
D) 5 hours

Question 22

Which of these is considered a major advantage of the individually administered as opposed to group administered cognitive ability test. The individual test ___.

A) is more reliable
B) has better norms
C) provides opportunity for observation of behavior
D) covers a much wider range of types of abilities

Question 23

Which is NOT a type of item typically encountered in widely used individual tests of cognitive ability?

A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) verbal relations
D) comprehension

Question 24

Which type of arithmetic item is often encountered in individual tests of cognitive ability?

A) calculus
B) fractions
C) word problems
D) statistics

Question 25

Which type of item encountered in individual tests of cognitive ability is often a speed test?

A) vocabulary
B) verbal relations
C) information
D) psychomotor

Question 26

The original Wechsler intelligence scale, the Wechsler-Bellevue, was designed for use with ___.

A) infants
B) children
C) adults
D) the elderly

Question 27

Which phrase is part of Wechsler's famous definition of intelligence?

A) the ability to solve difficult and complex problems
B) the aggregate or global capacity to act purposefully
C) the combination of quantitative and verbal skill
D) all abilities other than thinking creatively

Question 28

Which type of score appears in the newer editions of WAIS and WISC but was not available in the original editions?

A) Full Scale IQ
B) subtest scores
C) Performance IQ
D) Index scores

Question 29

The Index scores on the Wechsler scales are outgrowths of what type of research?

A) content validity
B) split-half reliability
C) factor analysis
D) convergent validity

Question 30

Some subtests on the Wechsler scales are optional. They may be used when ___.

A) administration of another subtest is spoiled
B) the examiner wishes to use more time for administration
C) information is needed about career interests
D) cross-referencing the test to achievement measures

Question 31

Which is NOT one of the Index Scores provided by WAIS-IV?

A) Verbal Comprehension
B) Working Memory
C) Quantitative Ability
D) Processing Speed

Question 32

Adding all subtests together results in what score on the WAIS?

A) Total Percentile Score (TPS)
B) Full Scale IQ
C) Perceptual Organization Score
D) Verbal/Performance IQ

Question 33

Which is true about the similarity of subtests on successive editions of WAIS?

A) All of the subtests are the same.
B) Most of the subtests are the same.
C) A few of the subtests are the same.
D) None of the subtests are the same.

Question 34

Which WAIS subtest does this statement describe: "A series of incomplete gridded patterns that the examinee completes by pointing to or saying the correct response from five possible choices."

A) digit symbol coding
B) symbol search
C) object assembly
D) matrix reasoning

Question 35

Which WAIS subtest does this statement describe: "A set of modeled or printed two-dimensional geometric patterns that the examinee replicates using two-color cubes."

A) similarities
B) symbol search
C) object assembly
D) block design

Question 36

Which WAIS subtest does this statement describe: "A series of orally presented questions that require the examinee to understand and articulate social rules and concepts or solutions to everyday problems."

A) Similarities
B) Comprehension
C) Information
D) Vocabulary

Question 37

"Why do we have speed limits on highways?" Such a question might occur in which WAIS subtest?

A) Similarities
B) Comprehension
C) Information
D) Vocabulary

Question 38

Subtests on the Wechsler intelligence scales have M = ___ and SD = ___.

A) 10, 3
B) 50, 10
C) 100, 15
D) 500, 100

Question 39

IQ scores on the Wechsler intelligence scales have M = ___ and SD = ___.

A) 10, 3
B) 50, 10
C) 100, 15
D) 500, 100

Question 40

The raw score to scaled score conversions on the Wechsler intelligence scales are done separately by ___.

A) gender
B) age group
C) geographic region
D) urban vs. rural

Question 41

The total standardization sample for WAIS-IV included approximately how many cases?

A) 250
B) 2,500
C) 25,000
D) 250,000

Question 42

Full Scale IQ scores on WAIS-IV have internal consistency reliabilities of approximately ___.

A) .65
B) .75
C) .85
D) .95

Question 43

Which statement best describes the relative levels of reliabilities for subtests on the WAIS?

A) verbal subtests are generally higher
B) perceptual subtests are generally higher
C) verbal and perceptual subtests are nearly the same
D) they vary so widely that no generalization is possible

Question 44

Profile interpretation for the WAIS concentrates on ___.

A) discrepancy comparisons
B) factor analysis
C) intra-class correlations
D) content validity

Question 45

The WISC was designed to be a(n) __________ of the WAIS.

A) upward extension
B) nonverbal form
C) downward extension
D) alternate form

Question 46

Which statement best describes the comparison of WAIS and WISC in terms of names of subtests included in each?

A) They have all the same subtests.
B) The subtest structure is mostly dissimilar.
C) The subtest structure is very similar.
D) The subtests are completely different.

Question 47

Which statement best describes the reliability of the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) on the WISC?

A) Highly reliable at all ages
B) Moderately reliable at all ages
C) Highly reliable at younger ages, moderately reliable at older ages
D) Highly reliable at older ages, moderately reliable at younger ages

Question 48

Which is NOT one of the Index scores provided by WISC-IV?

A) Verbal Comprehension
B) Problem Solving
C) Working Memory
D) Processing Speed

Question 49

The target age range (in years) for the WISC is ___.

A) 1-6
B) 1-25
C) 6-16
D) 20-85

Question 50

Which of these tests has the longest history?

A) WAIS
B) WISC
C) PPVT
D) Stanford-Binet

Question 51

Which test introduced the notion of the ratio IQ?

A) Vineland
B) Peabody
C) WAIS
D) Stanford-Binet

Question 52

Which of these features of the SB5 did NOT appear in earliest editions of this test?

A) subscores
B) individual administration
C) short-term-memory items
D) total score

Question 53

Which is NOT one of the subscores yielded by SB5?

A) Short-term Memory
B) Verbal Reasoning
C) Quantitative Reasoning
D) Creative Thinking

Question 54

The Composite score for SB5 uses a standard score system with M = ___ and SD = ___.

A) 100, 15
B) 50, 15
C) 10, 3
D) 500, 100

Question 55

Who was the main author of the original Stanford-Binet?

A) Otis
B) Cattell
C) Spearman
D) Terman

Question 56

The Composite score on SB5 is intended to be a measure of ___.

A) "g"
B) creativity
C) fluid intelligence
D) crystallized intelligence

Question 57

Validity information for what the text calls "brief tests of cognitive ability" tends to concentrate on ___.

A) factor analysis
B) content validity
C) showing a high correlation with lengthier measures of cognitive ability
D) showing a low correlation with lengthier measures of cognitive ability

Question 58

The PPVT purports to be a measure of ___.

A) expressive vocabulary
B) receptive vocabulary
C) creative vocabulary
D) nonstandard vocabulary

Question 59

The response cards for the PPVT each contain ___.

A) four pictures
B) four words
C) four sentences
D) one sentence

Question 60

The PPVT-4 has 228 items. The typical examinee responds to about how many of these items?

A) 15
B) 60
C) 120
D) 200, that is, nearly all of them

Question 61

What is the target age range (in years) for the PPVT-4?

A) 2-90
B) 2-10
C) 6-16
D) 10-40

Question 62

The growth curve for average scores on the PPVT peaks around age ___.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 50
D) 80

Question 63

Reliability of the total score on the PPVT is approximately ___.

A) .65
B) .75
C) .85
D) .95

Question 64

Correlations of PPVT scores with total scores on lengthier measures of cognitive ability are, in general ___.

A) very high
B) moderate
C) very low
D) negative

Question 65

The Wechsler Memory Scale does NOT contain any subtests measuring ___ memory.

A) short-term
B) long-term
C) auditory
D) visual

Question 66

"Count backward by 4's, starting with 37." This task fits in what subtest in the Wechsler Memory Scale?

A) auditory verbal
B) visual nonverbal
C) mental control
D) logical memory

Question 67

Which is a major difference between items in memory scales, such as the WMS, and intelligence scales, such as WAIS? The memory scales use items that ___.

A) have no conceptual difficulty
B) are untimed
C) are entirely visual
D) are entirely verbal

Question 68

The Wechsler Memory Scale was jointly normed with ___.

A) Stanford-Binet
B) WAIS
C) PPVT
D) the Vineland

Question 69

The traditional cut-score for defining intellectual disability on the IQ scale is around ___.

A) 30
B) 50
C) 70
D) 85

Question 70

Which phrase best describes the concept of adaptive behavior?

A) coping with ordinary life
B) solving verbal problems
C) doing simple arithmetic
D) adapting to unusual circumstances

Question 71

Which is NOT one of the criteria in the AAIDD definition of mental retardation?

A) significantly subaverage intellectual functioning
B) limitations in adaptive skills
C) onset before age 18
D) substantial personality disorder

Question 72

The AAIDD has three criteria for defining mental retardation. How many of these criteria must be met to qualify as mentally retarded?

A) any one
B) any two
C) any two if severe enough
D) all three

Question 73

Who was the main person pioneering the concept of adaptive behavior and the author of the first edition of the Vineland Social Maturity Scale?

A) David Wechsler
B) Lewis Terman
C) Arthur Otis
D) Edgar Doll

Question 74

One of the crucial differences between adaptive behavior scales and tests of cognitive ability is that the adaptive behavior scales try to measure ___.

A) typical performance
B) maximum performance
C) speed of performance
D) future performance

Question 75

Which is NOT a domain covered by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale?

A) socialization
B) motor skill
C) communication
D) driving skill

Question 76

Which statement best describes how the Vineland is administered?

A) trained examiner interviews a caregiver of the person being evaluated
B) trained examiner interviews the person being evaluated
C) parent completes the form for the person being evaluated
D) parent and teacher fill out separate forms, then average the results

Question 77

Items related to inappropriate mannerisms and socially annoying habits are found in what domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale?

A) maladaptive behavior scale
B) personality analysis scale
C) social functioning scale
D) helping relations scale

Question 78

The correlation between scores on cognitive ability tests at infancy and at adolescence is

A) high
B) moderate
C) low
D) negative

Question 79

Cognitive ability tests in infancy may have some value for cases at what level of functioning?

A) lowest level
B) middle level
C) highest level
D) middle and above

Question 80

Current cognitive ability tests have relied increasingly on what model of intelligence?

A) hierarchical
B) triarchic
C) two-factor
D) "g"