Deck 15: Cybercrime and the Future of Crime

Question 1

______ refers to crime that is committed using a computer.

A) Trojan horse
B) Bot crime
C) Cybercrime
D) Identity theft

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why is botnet crime a type of cybercrime that is difficult to fight?

A) because "bot-herders" are particularly clever in avoiding police
B) Because most computer owners do not know their computers have been infected
C) Because botnets do not leave a trace
D) Because hackers send out many botnets at one time

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following countries are continually accused of cyberspuing on the United States?

A) China and North Korea
B) South Korea and Japan
C) Egypt and Turkey
D) France and Russia

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The internet was originally created in the United States for the ______.

A) Department of Justice
B) Department of Education
C) Department of Defense
D) Department of Homeland Security

Question 5

People who illegally reproduce and use software and subsequently cost manufacturers billions of dollars a year in lost revenue are called ______.

A) cyberpunks
B) cyber zombies
C) neuromancer
D) software pirates

Question 6

All of the following are a part of Wall's (2001) typology of cybercrime except ______.

A) cyberdeceptions
B) cyberhackers
C) cyberpornography
D) cybertrespass

Question 7

It is estimated that ______ percent of computer crimes are committed by "insiders" or employees.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 80
D) 95

Question 8

The illegal production of computer software is a big business in ______ countries.

A) North American
B) Southeast Asian
C) Western European
D) Middle Eastern

Question 9

All of the following are examples of cybercrime except ______.

A) high-tech espionage
B) telecommunications fraud
C) bullying
D) online pedophilia

Question 10

Spernow's (1995) typology of cybercrime includes all of the following except for ______.

A) cyberviolence
B) insider crime
C) high-tech espionage
D) malicious hacking

Question 11

According to Wall (2001), which of the following refers to crossing boundaries into other people's property?

A) cyberdeceptions
B) cyberviolence
C) cyberpornography
D) cybertrespass

Question 12

According to Wall (2001), which of the following applies to crimes such as credit card fraud and priacy?

A) cyberdeceptions
B) cyberviolence
C) cyberpornography
D) cybertrespass

Question 13

According to Wall (2001), which of the following refers to breaching laws on obscenity and decency?

A) cyberdeceptions
B) cyberviolence
C) cyberpornography
D) cybertrespass

Question 14

According to Wall (2001), doing psychological harm to or inciting harm against others is known as ______.

A) cyberdeceptions
B) cyberviolence
C) cyberpornography
D) cybertrespass

Question 15

What is the term for ill-intentioned hackers who attempt to break into computer systems?

A) crackers
B) insiders
C) pilferers
D) bait-and-switchers

Question 16

______ involve programming a computer to continuously send fake authentication messages to a targeted server, keeping it constantly busy and forcing out legitimate users.

A) Password phishing
B) Web spoofing
C) Denial of service attacks
D) Sniffers

Question 17

Software programs such as Cracker are used to assist in which of the following types of attacks?

A) denial of service attacks
B) e-mail bombs
C) dictionary attacks
D) worms

Question 18

______ creates a false (shadow) version of a website that is controlled by the attacker.

A) Web spoofing
B) Worms
C) Password phishing
D) Sniffers

Question 19

Which of the following refers to a subprogram that contains a virus, bomb, or other harmful feature?

A) web spoofing
B) worms
C) password phishing
D) Trojan horse

Question 20

______ entails a cracker stealing password, account, or credit card education.

A) Phishing
B) Worms
C) Trojan horse
D) Key loggers

Question 21

Which of the following are similar to viruses that reproduce themselves and subvert computer systems?

A) phishing
B) worms
C) Trojan horse
D) key loggers

Question 22

______ are used to gain passwords to access accounts.

A) Phishing
B) Sniffer programs
C) Trojan horse
D) Key loggers

Question 23

What are vaccines?

A) computer hackers who develop harmful programs
B) computer programs that perform a task, such as printing a message or destroying data, on a certain date
C) rogue programs that copy themselves onto other programs
D) computer programs that seek out and destroy viruses

Question 24

Which of the following best describes computer hackers who develop harmful programs?

A) time bombs
B) viruses
C) vaccines
D) cyberpunks

Question 25

Which of the following best describes rogue programs that copy themselves into other programs or disks?

A) time bombs
B) viruses
C) vaccines
D) cyberpunks

Question 26

______ are computer programs that perform a task, such as printing a message or destroying data, on a certain date.

A) Time bombs
B) Viruses
C) Vaccines
D) Cyberpunks

Question 27

A majority of children who are victims of online predator are ______.

A) younger than 9 years old
B) 9 to 13 years old
C) 14 to 17 years old
D) older than 17 years old

Question 28

______ are the unanticipated, unintended, hidden functions of social change.

A) Manifest functions
B) Latent functions
C) Cultural lag
D) Hacker's ethics

Question 29

The idea that change takes place unevenly is referred to as ______.

A) manifest functions
B) latent functions
C) cultural lag
D) hacker's ethics

Question 30

______ are the anticipated or intended consequences of, for instance, new technology.

A) Manifest functions
B) Latent functions
C) Cultural lag
D) Hacker's ethics

Question 31

______ attempts to identify future developments (trends or events that might influence crime).

A) Environment scanning
B) Focus groups
C) Qualitative methodology
D) Triangulation

Question 32

______ are procedures that ask a panel of experts to predict the future.

A) Boosters
B) Delphi techniques
C) Hot products
D) Police Futurists International

Question 33

______ attempts to describe how present developments might appear in the future.

A) Boosters
B) Delphi techniques
C) Hot products
D) Scenario writing

Question 34

What is the purpose of Police Futurists International?

A) It is an organization that exists for the purpose of predicting the future of policing.
B) It is an organization that follows the trends of governmental policies.
C) It is an organization that follows the trends of street crime versus white collar crime.
D) It is an organization that responds to the increasing needs of the FBI.

Question 35

What does the term "biometric spoofing" mean?

A) Criminals in the future may be able to use the same technology as crime fighters to commit crimes.
B) There will be an increase in scams related to virtual worlds, such as Second Life.
C) Robotics and cloning will lead the way in crime.
D) Mathematical models and quantitative data can predict computer crimes.

Question 36

Bennett (1987) in Crimewarps, made all of the following predictions except for ______.

A) the computer will be the biggest generator of crime in the future
B) the concentraiton of crime in the U.S. will shift to the South
C) low birth rates and high work rates will leave homes ungaurded during the day
D) industries with older workers will experience less theft

Question 37

All of the following were identified as predictions in Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism (2006) except that ______.

A) organized crime groups will increasingly use the computer as a criminal instrument
B) espionage will continue to evolve
C) cyber terrorism will be the largest computer problem
D) some hacker groups will evolve into networked criminal enterprises

Question 38

British Home Office predictions include all of the following except for ______.

A) virtual-reality addition may increase
B) drugs will no longer pose challenges for crime control
C) alcopops and designer alcoholic drinks will continue to increase in popularity in underage drinkers
D) decreases in the use of cash will continue to result in greater theft involving credi cards and checks

Question 39

______ are items that are in high demand to be stolen.

A) Hot products
B) Crackers
C) Spoofs
D) Alcopops

Question 40

Which of the following theories provies some explanation of cybercrime?

A) social disorganiztion
B) strain
C) differential association
D) cultural lag

Question 41

Whole units of the Chinese military spend their entire time stealing secrets of government and private corporation computers.

Question 42

The computer is a tool that can be used in the commission of a variety of crimes.

Question 43

Software pirates, those who illegally reproduce and use software, cost manufacturers billions of dollars a year in lost revenue.

Question 44

Most cybercrimes are reported to the police.

Question 45

Online pedophiles tend target young "wannabe" hackers and participants in chat rooms.

Question 46

Individuals involved in high-tech espionage are often industrial spies who sell their knowledge to rivals or foreign bidders.

Question 47

Key loggers are secret programs that record a user's keystrokes.

Question 48

Both viruses and works can spread with no assistance.

Question 49

Network scanning programs are used to find vulnerable networked computers.

Question 50

"Phone-phreaking" refers to automatic speed dialers used by computer hackers.

Question 51

Experts suggest that parents should play a more proactive role in monitoring their child's use of the internet.

Question 52

Stalking online is usually of adolescents and not young children.

Question 53

Many predators use romance and seduction to corner their victims, and a surprising number are not known to the youth in person.

Question 54

Virus attacks can cripple internet operations.

Question 55

Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, and eavesdropping sniffers can all be used to compromise the integrity of or deny access to data.

Question 56

Cybercrime is not a separate type of crime.

Question 57

The latent functions of social change are the anticipated or intended consequences of new technology.

Question 58

Latent functions are the anticipated or intended consequences of, for instance, new technology.

Question 59

Manifest functions are the unanticipated, unintended, hidden functions of this same change.

Question 60

The replacement of human mental processes by machines is referred to as cybernetics.

Question 61

Mathematical models use qualitative case studies to forecast crime trends.

Question 62

Delphi techniques are procedures that ask a panel of experts to predict the future.

Question 63

Scenario writing attempts to describe how present developments might appear in the future.

Question 64

According to crime predictions, urban robbery rates will most likely decline.

Question 65

Electronic tagging, DNA analysis, and recognition systems based on retinas or fingerprints could all be used to tackle crime in the twenty-first century.

Question 66

Crimewarps predicts that a reduction in rates of AIDS will increase demand for streetwalkers.

Question 67

Crimewarps predicts that the growth in the elderly population will increase medical quackery and insurance fraud.

Question 68

Financial crime by employees will be the largest computer problem in the future.

Question 69

More women in the work-force and increased leisure activity outside the home will create new opportunities for criminals.

Question 70

According to the British Home Office predictions, virtual-reality addiction may decrease.

Question 71

TVs, tablets, and smartphones are examples of hot products.

Question 72

Most traditional theories do not specifically address computer crimes.

Question 73

According to Ogburn (1922), computers can change communications, commerce, and even dating behavior far more quickly than the capability of societal values and norms to keep pace.

Question 74

Cybercrime is considered a separate type of crime.

Question 75

Malicious hackers seek forbidden knowledge and support the hacker's ethic.

Question 76

Types of attacks on computers have generated their own argot.

Question 77

Environmental scanning and surveys are used to predict the future of crime.

Question 78

Define cybercrime.

Question 79

What is cyberviolence?

Question 80

Identify Wall's (2007) three types of online offending.