Deck 13: Organized Crime

Question 1

The use of multiple methodoligies in the same study is referred to as ______.

A) grounded theory
B) ethnography
C) phenomenology
D) triangulation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of which of the following groups?

A) in-group-oriented organized crime
B) mercenary (predatory) organized crime
C) political-social organized crimed.
D) syndicate crime

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Hell's Angels are an example of which of the following groups?

A) in-group-oriented organized crime
B) mercenary (predatory) organized crime
C) political-social organized crime
D) syndicate crime

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following types of organized crime refers to crime by guerilla and terrorist groups and various militant social movements that use violence?

A) in-group-oriented organized crime
B) mercenary (predatory) organized crime
C) political-social organized crime
D) syndicate crime

Question 5

Which of the following types of organized crime refers to crimes committed by groups for direct personal profit, crimes that prey on unwilling victims?

A) mercenary organized crime
B) political-social organized crime
C) syndicate crime
D) in-group-oriented organized crime

Question 6

Which of the following types of organized crime is committed for psycholgoical gratification?

A) mercenary organized crime
B) political-social organized crime
C) syndicate crime
D) in-group-oriented organized crime

Question 7

All of the following were identified as elements of organized crime except for ______.

A) politics
B) violence
C) illicit services
D) immunity

Question 8

Scholars have found that it is more useful to conceive of organized crima as a matter of degree.

Question 9

According to Klein, which of the following is true regarding street gangs?

A) Los Angeles gangs do not franchise drug distribution to the rest of the country.
B) Street gangs are all violent.
C) Street gangs control drug distribution in our cities.
D) They are highly organized and cohesive, with centralized leadership.

Question 10

According to Hagedorn's typology, which of the following types of gang members view illegal drug sales as their career?

A) dope fiends
B) homeboys
C) legits
D) new jacks

Question 11

According to Hagedorn's typology, which of the following do African American and Latino adult gang members tend to be?

A) dope fiends
B) homeboys
C) legits
D) new jacks

Question 12

Beginning in the 1970s and continuing into the 1990s, gang violence in the U.S. worsened. All of the following contributed to this violence except ______.

A) drugs
B) guns
C) sex trafficking
D) territory

Question 13

It is estimated that ______ of every ten federal prisoners is in a gang.

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 14

All of the following were identified by Sanders (1994) as levels of commitment in gang members except for ______.

A) fringe
B) associate
C) hardcore
D) affiliate

Question 15

Which of the following types of gang members are those who mature out of the gang?

A) new jacks
B) homeboys
C) legits
D) dope fiends

Question 16

Which of the following is a term primarily used to refer to Japanese organized crime syndicates?

A) La Costa Notra
B) Mafiya
C) Triad
D) Yakuza

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of organized crime figures in Japan?

A) They have military haircuts.
B) They are missing the tips of their little fingers.
C) They often work as taxi drivers.
D) They drive expensive cars.

Question 18

According to the text, the Yakuza are widely involved in ______.

A) political corruption
B) drugs
C) sexual slavery
D) organ trafficking

Question 19

The Yakuza are most likely to be ______.

A) Chinese
B) lower-class
C) educated
D) business men

Question 20

Secret Chinese organizations are referred to as ______.

A) Yakuza
B) mafia
C) triads
D) societies

Question 21

Which of the following numbers is considered to have significance in secret Chinese organizations?

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) six

Question 22

Which of the following terms is used to describe Russian organized crime?

A) Yakuza
B) triad
C) gang
D) mafiya

Question 23

According to Ianni, which of the following phrases describes organized crime as a means of upward mobility where such mobility would otherwise not be possible?

A) legitimate means of attaining illegitimate success
B) mafiya model to success
C) queer ladder of mobility
D) Yakuza society

Question 24

According to the United Nations' identification of different types of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to an association of groups with a single governing body?

A) devolved hierarchy
B) hierarchical conglomerate
C) organized crime network
D) rigid hierarchy

Question 25

According to the United Nations' identification of different types of organized crime groups, which of the following refers to a system of shifting alliances that do not regard themselves as an organized crime entity?

A) devolved hierarchy
B) hierarchical conglomerate
C) organized crime network
D) rigid hierarchy

Question 26

According to the United Nations' identification of different types of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to a single boss, with divisions reporting to the center, and a strong internal system of discipline?

A) devolved hierarchy
B) hierarchical conglomerate
C) organized crime network
D) rigid hierarchy

Question 27

According to the United Nations' identification of different types of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to regional structures with own leadership and autonomy?

A) devolved hierarchy
B) hierarchical conglomerate
C) organized crime network
D) rigid hierarchy

Question 28

According to the United Nations' identification of different types of organized crime organizations, which of the following refers to a relatievly loose group characterized by horizontal rather than vertical arrangements?

A) devolved hierarchy
B) hierarchical conglomerate
C) core criminal group
D) rigid hierarchy

Question 29

Which of the following is true of money laundering?

A) Different states have widely varying laws regarding money laundering.
B) There is a federal law against money laundering, but its penalties have been criticized as being far too lenient to deter offenders.
C) There is a federal law against money laundering that carries substantial penalties.
D) While it is one aspect of the practical functioning of organized crime groups, in itself it is not an illegal activity.

Question 30

Which of the following is commonly used in money laundering?

A) casinos
B) department stores
C) hotels and resorts
D) shopping centers

Question 31

All of the following countries were identified as having created bank secrecy laws that forbid the disclosure of the financial affairs of account holders except for ______.

A) the Bahamas
B) Panama
C) Mexico
D) Switzerland

Question 32

In the United States, money laundering is considered a ______.

A) misdeameanor
B) infraction
C) status offense
D) federal crime

Question 33

Disguising the money trail by transferring the money into the bank account of phone companies and creating false invoices and enterprises using offshore banks and wire transfers is referred to as ______.

A) placement
B) layering
C) intergration
D) distribution

Question 34

Collecting the dirty money and moving it into the financial system is referred to as ______.

A) placement
B) layering
C) intergration
D) distribution

Question 35

The now-clear money can be used for investments, political campaign donations, and the infiltraiton of legitimate enterprise is referred to as ______.

A) placement
B) layering
C) intergration
D) distribution

Question 36

In regard to drug trafficking, which of the following is used to refer to the northern border areas of Thailand, Burma, and Laos?

A) The Golden Crescent
B) The Golden Triangle
C) Latin America
D) Yakuza

Question 37

Albanese describes three models or paradigms of organized crime, which include all of the following except for ______.

A) organized crime as a legitimate business practice
B) organized crime as a nationwide conspiracy
C) organized crime as an enterprise
D) organized crime as local, ethnic groups

Question 38

Cressey proposed that syndicate crime in the United States is characterized by a nationwide alliance of tightly knit families and a membership composed of Sicilian and Italian descendants in what is known as the ______ Theory.

A) Cosa Nostra
B) Enterprise
C) Syndicate
D) The Patron

Question 39

All of the following are essential strategic tools of organized crime, except for ______.

A) blackmail
B) bribery
C) corruption
D) loan sharking

Question 40

The American Bar Association, in its Report on Organized Crime (1952), concluded that "the largest single factor in the breakdown of law enforcement in dealing with organzied crime is ______.

A) corruption of many public officials
B) intercepting financial accounts in overseas banks
C) investigating illegal business practices
D) stopping the misrepresentation of business practices

Question 41

The largest illegal business or organized criminals is now ______.

A) prostitution
B) pornography
C) drugs
D) labor racketeering

Question 42

Labor racketeering generally refers to ______.

A) bid-rigging rackets
B) the infiltration of unions to use their influence for personal profit
C) sale of prepaid phone cards to labor unions
D) transnational smuggling of illegal aliens into the labor market

Question 43

The practice of loaning individuals money when they are in urgent need, and charging high interest rates, is known as ______.

A) extortion
B) loan sharking
C) playing the numbers game
D) racketeering

Question 44

Which of the following is true regarding organized criminals?

A) They often do not identify strongly with crime or criminal activity.
B) They tend to come from high-income areas.
C) They tend to maintain their livelihood through crime.
D) They tend to be open about their associations and criminal offenses.

Question 45

Which of the following terms refers to the control of drugs by stopping the transport and smuggling of drugs into the United States?

A) interdiction
B) interruption
C) interception
D) injunction

Question 46

Which of the following prohibits proceeds from a pattern of racketeering activity from being used in acquiring legitimate businesses that are involved in interstate commerce?

A) The Hobbs Act
B) RICO
C) The Robber Baron Act
D) The Mafia Regulation Act

Question 47

Theoretically, anomie theory explains that in the pursuit of the American Dream of financial success, various groups have found themselves at a critical disadavantage and find that legitimate means to success are blocked. Consequently, their mode of adaptation for achieving success is ______.

A) rebellion
B) innovation
C) retreatism
D) ritualism

Question 48

Which of the following theories posits that groups find themselves in neighborhoods where legitimate avenues of upward mobility are blocked?

A) anomie theory
B) differential opportunity theory
C) social bonds theory
D) routine activities theory

Question 49

There is one definition for organized crime used by the general public, legsilatures, law enforcement agencies, social scientists, and syndicate members themselves.

Question 50

Many people are familiar with the traditional forms or organized crime thanks to films like The Godfather and Goodfellas.

Question 51

Criminologists use the term organized crime to refer to any crime involving two or more people.

Question 52

Organized crime is used in the most generic sense to refer to group crimes.

Question 53

Not all organized crime is committed by Organized Crime groups.

Question 54

Street gangs are all highly organized, very cohesive, and have centralized leadership.

Question 55

According to Hagedorn's typology, "dope fiends" view illegal drug sales as their primary career.

Question 56

Street gangs are all violent.

Question 57

The RICO statute prohibits the use of the proceeds from criminal operations from being used to acquire legitimate operations.

Question 58

Internationally, organized crime is confined to one political arena and thrives especially in political climates such as corrupt dictatorships.

Question 59

Yakuza is the Chinese term for gangsters.

Question 60

Chinese triad organizations are often referred to as red societies.

Question 61

Triad groups are nonhierarchical and informal.

Question 62

Russian crime groups in the United States are fluid, with transient membership in each group varying from 5 to 20 persons.

Question 63

The term transnational crime refers to criminal activities that take place across county/state lines in one country.

Question 64

Organized crime first came to the United States with Italian immigrants, as a "Mafia transplant."

Question 65

Money laundering refers to making clean or washing "dirty money."

Question 66

The most powerful international drug trafficking organization in the world was the Medellin cartel of Colombia.

Question 67

Enterprise theory argues that organized crime and normal business are similar activities on different ends of a spectrum of legitimacy.

Question 68

According to the Italian American Syndicate, organized crime groups and their leaders resemble a medieval system of shifting warlords in which whoever has the most power and is able to render the greatest services controls support.

Question 69

The strength of organized criminal groups is based on their willingness and ability to use force or threats of force to assure discipline within and outside the organization.

Question 70

Arson, murder, and bribery are essential strategic tools of organized crime.

Question 71

Blackmail is not easily achieved by organized crime figures.

Question 72

Racketeering is characterized by the three steps of placement, layering, and integration.

Question 73

With major crackdowns on traditional organized crime activities such as extortion and bid-rigging rackets, mafia crime groups in New York in the '90s were shifting some of their focus to health frauds, prepaid phone cards, and Wall Street scams.

Question 74

Loan sharks illegally lend money at usurious interest rates.

Question 75

Success at small business permits mob infiltration of big business, which is the heart of the nation's economy.

Question 76

Organized criminal activity is an example of career crime, in which crime is pursued as a livelihood.

Question 77

The Hobbs Act is an antiracketeering act that can basically be interpreted to mean that any interference with interstate commerce to any degree whatsoever is in violation of the act.

Question 78

Assets forfeiture (seizure) is an example of laws that have been used against organized crime.

Question 79

List two to three sources of information, according to Lipsha (1982).

Question 80

List and describe two types of organized crime according to Albini.