Deck 12: Political Crime and Terrorism

Question 1

Distinctive belief systems, ideas, or abstract ideals, such as communism, are referred to as ______.

A) legalities
B) constructions
C) thoughts
D) ideologies

Answer 1

D

Question 2

"Political crime" is distinguished from other types of crime based on ______.

A) ideological motivation
B) international law
C) legal categorization of the offense
D) whether government officials were involved

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to the text, antiabortion activists act for ______.

A) social-political motivations
B) the dissemination of scientific beliefs
C) moral-ethical motivations
D) the advancment or religious causes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Crime by government includes all of the following except ______.

A) violations of human rights
B) illegal demonstrations
C) constitutional privileges
D) civil liberties

Question 5

Crimes against government include all of the following except for ______.

A) protests
B) assassination
C) terrorism
D) illegal surveillance

Question 6

Which of the following acts outlawed advocating the overthrow of the government but was later struck down by the Supreme Court?

A) Smith Act
B) Voorhis Act
C) Immigration and Nationality Act
D) Espionage Act

Question 7

The Nuremberg Principle supports the view that ______.

A) counterintelligence programs are necessary to harass and disrupt legitimate political activity
B) one should disobey unjust laws when morality calls for it
C) the "end justifies the means" to serve the public utility
D) "whistelblowing" is a necessary evil to protect the general public from political corruption

Question 8

Human rights is expressed in all of the following except for the ______.

A) Magna Carta
B) Declaration of Independence
C) Civil Rights Act
D) English Bill of Rights

Question 9

One primary weakness of international law is ______.

A) disagreement over whether human rights should be a focus
B) the widespread corruption of international agencies
C) the difficulty of enforcing such laws
D) the lack of an international court

Question 10

Which jurisdiction does political criminality fall under?

A) local
B) state
C) federal
D) international

Question 11

The Gestapo and KGB are examples of ______.

A) anti-terrorism commissions
B) civil rights protest groups
C) early attempts at international courts
D) secret police

Question 12

Which of the following is true of research on terrorism?

A) Crimes committed by government are more often studied than crimes committed against government owing to the availability of funding.
B) Crimes committed by government are more often studied than crimes committed against government because the former are so much more common than the latter.
C) Crimes committed against government are more often studied than crimes committed by government owing to the availability of funding.
D) Crimes committed against government are more often studied than crimes committed by government because the former are so much more common than the latter.

Question 13

The United States had provided support to past atrocities in Guatemala primarily owing to ______.

A) fear of communism
B) hatred for the Guatemalan citizens
C) the holy war waged against the West
D) Sub Rosa

Question 14

If state agents of social control wish to suppress a social movement, which of the following actions can the agents use?

A) community involvement
B) no jacketing
C) information campaigns
D) administrative harassment

Question 15

Which of the following regime duos are considered the least tolerant of dissent and as well as the biggest violators of human rights violations?

A) democratic and autocratic regimes
B) monarchic and democratic regimes
C) authoritarian and totalitarian regimes
D) socialist and authoritarian regimes

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a rogue nation?

A) Canada
B) Germany
C) Turkey
D) China

Question 17

All of the following are considered basic human rights except for ______.

A) life
B) pursuit of happiness
C) equal opportunity
D) liberty

Question 18

Sexual mutilation is an example of ______.

A) espionage
B) genocide
C) patriarchal crime
D) raison d'etat

Question 19

"Honor killings," dowry deaths, and acid attacks, which are common in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, are examples of ______.

A) death camps
B) genocide
C) ideological crime
D) patriarchal crime

Question 20

A government that engages in the mass destruction or annihilation of its population is guilty of ______.

A) espionage
B) genocide
C) patriarchal crime
D) raison d'etat

Question 21

Which of the following countries are considered to be offenders who still allow honor killings?

A) Pakistan
B) Jordan
C) Egypt
D) Turkey

Question 22

The ultimate violent crime by government is known as ______.

A) filicide
B) infanticide
C) homicide
D) genocide

Question 23

Cointelpro was an FBI counterintelligence program that ______.

A) harassed and disrupted legitimate political activity
B) intercepted communications that uncovered a terrorist plot
C) uncovered the Watergate scandal
D) was appointed by the United Nations to help enforce the Nuremberg ruling

Question 24

During which of the following administrations did the Watergate scandal take place?

A) Lyndon
B) Richard M. Nixon
C) Ronald Reagan
D) George H. W. Bush

Question 25

The name of the secret organization within the Reagan White House, which was responsible for the Iran-Contra affair was ______.

A) Discovery
B) Enterprise
C) Watergate
D) Challenger

Question 26

Dissent and protest activities against the government are usually perceived as ______.

A) radical leftist
B) radical rightist
C) leftist
D) rightist

Question 27

Which of the following movements consisted of church and lay workers in the 1980s, who ran an "underground railroad" to help keep political refugees from being deported to their Central American homelands where they often faced political persecution?

A) Civil Rights
B) Sancturary
C) Black Lives Matter
D) Agrarian

Question 28

Those who refuse to serve in the military because it violates their personal, religious, or moral principles are referred to as ______.

A) radical rightists
B) political refugees
C) protestors
D) conscientious objectors

Question 29

According to Clarke's typology, assassins who possess an overwhelming and aggressive need for acceptance, recognition, and status, are identified as ______.

A) atypical
B) egocentric
C) insane
D) psychopathic

Question 30

According to Clarke's typology, assassins who have documented histories of organic psychosis are identified as ______.

A) atypical
B) insane
C) political
D) psychopathic

Question 31

According to Clarke's typology, assasins who are unable to relate to others and are considered emotional cripples who perverse rage at popular political figures are identified as ______.

A) atypical
B) insane
C) political
D) psychopathic

Question 32

According to Clarke's typology, assasins who defy classifications are identified as ______.

A) atypical
B) insane
C) political
D) psychopathic

Question 33

SMICE is an acronym for the motives of ______.

A) assassins
B) protesters
C) spies
D) terrorists

Question 34

According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers to spies who are motivated by monetary gain?

A) alienated/egocentric
B) buccaneer
C) mercenary
D) quasi-agent

Question 35

According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers to spies who are motivated by psychological fulfillment?

A) buccaneer
B) compromised
C) deceived
D) ideological

Question 36

According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers to spies who are often condemned as traitors in one country?

A) buccaneer
B) compromised
C) deceived
D) ideological

Question 37

According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers to spies who betray for personal reasons unrelated to monetary or ideological considerations?

A) alienated
B) compromised
C) deceived
D) ideological

Question 38

According to Hagan's typology, which of the following refers to spies who are at-first-reluctant traitors who trade secrets either for romantic purposes or because of blackmail and coercion?

A) alienated
B) compromised
C) deceived
D) ideological

Question 39

Which of the following is a characteristic of a twenty-first century spy?

A) They are more likely to be young.
B) They more than likely do not have a good education.
C) They are more likely to be naturalized citizens.
D) They more than likely do not have family or cultural ties.

Question 40

Which of the following types of terrorism is consistent with acts "which are committed for ideological or political motives, but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state?"

A) limited political terrorism
B) lone wolves terrorism
C) quasi-terrorism
D) state-sponsored terrorism

Question 41

Acts that are similar to terrorism, but that lack its ideological motivation, would be classified as which of the following?

A) limited political terrorism
B) nonpolitical terrorism
C) quasi-terrorism
D) state-sponsored terrorism

Question 42

Before World War II, most terrorism consisted of ______.

A) assassinations of government officials
B) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons
C) random attack on enemy civilians
D) suicide bombings

Question 43

Which of the following is consistent with Laqueur's conclusions regarding terrorism?

A) Terrorism is a new phenomenon.
B) Most terrorists come from affluent backgrounds.
C) Terrorist groups are left-wing and revolutionary.
D) Most terrorism takes place in opposition to repressive governments.

Question 44

Which of the following was identified as a myth of terrorism?

A) Terrorism is always right wing.
B) Terrorism is not usually effective.
C) Terrorists are a weapon of the affluent.
D) Terrorists are idealists.

Question 45

Hamas is described as ______.

A) fighting to unite Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland
B) group that opposes non-Islamic governments with violence
C) preventing peace between the Israelis and Palestinians
D) Shiite fundamentalist extremists

Question 46

Sikh extremists are seeking ______.

A) independence from India
B) independence from Western influence
C) to destroy non-Islamic governments
D) to overthrow the British government

Question 47

Counterterrorism measures include all but which of the following?

A) arms and explosives controls
B) diplomatic measures
C) genocide
D) public awareness

Question 48

Which of the following documents holds that some violations of the common law are necessary to serve public utility?

A) Magna Carta
B) Doctrine of Raison d'État
C) English Common Law
D) Declaration of Independence

Question 49

Reactions to terrorism tend to be ______.

A) mild, for acts committed both by and against governments
B) mild for acts committed by governments, but harsh for acts committed against governments
C) harsh for acts committed by governments, but mild for acts committed against governments
D) harsh, for acts committed both by and against governments

Question 50

The theoretical explanation that helps us to understand political offenders as being socialized into their belief system by similarly minded individuals is ______ theory.

A) choice
B) deterrence
C) differential association
D) social learning

Question 51

Politically motivated criminals are also known as convictional criminals.

Question 52

Facism and Christianity are examples of ideologies.

Question 53

In the United States, the category of "political crime" became legally recognized as a distinguishable offense subject to prosecution in 1992.

Question 54

Political crime is crime commited for ideological reasons.

Question 55

According to the "Nuremberg principle," offenders who commit human rights violations because they are told to do so can be subject to criminal penalty.

Question 56

International law lacks the authority and power to assure compliance.

Question 57

Crimes by government are crimes or violations of human rights committed for ideological reasons by government officials or their agents.

Question 58

Community police are domestic security police whose purpose it is to protect the existing regime from violent overthrow.

Question 59

Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes of the political left and right are the least tolerant of dissent and are thus the biggest violators.

Question 60

Slavery is an example of patriarchal crime.

Question 61

Brainwashing is a form of drastic resocialization of personality.

Question 62

Second only to Watergate as the worst public policy scandal in American history was the Iran-Contra conspiracy.

Question 63

President George H. W. Bush issued full pardons to all who had been convicted or charged with wrongdoing in the Iran-Contra affair.

Question 64

Illegal protests, demonstrations, and strikes are often associated with social movements that advocate change in the existing order.

Question 65

In his study of assassins, Clarke expressed support for the popular assumption that all or most assassins suffer from some mental pathology.

Question 66

SMICE is an acronym for the corporation of spies.

Question 67

A buccaneer or sport spy is one who obtains monetary reward for their actions.

Question 68

A deceived spy is one who is led to believe that he or she is working for one organization when, in fact, the work is for another.

Question 69

International terrorism represents some of the worst examples of mass murder in history.

Question 70

Lone wolves are terrorists who operate primarily on their own without actual membership in a terrorist organization.

Question 71

Quasi-terrorism attempts to elicit fear by means of violence but is undertaken for private purposes or gain.

Question 72

All terrorists are idealists.

Question 73

Single-issue terrorists are those who use extremist tactics in support of one issue or cause.

Question 74

Terrorism is a problem that needs to be solved, rather than managed.

Question 75

Terrorists often view themselves as heroic warriors for some grand cause.

Question 76

The vast majority of terrorists are lower-class, uneducated males.

Question 77

For political criminals, crime is instrumental.

Question 78

The raison d'état doctrine holds that some violations of the common law are necessary to serve public utility.

Question 79

The more complex, urban, industrial, and interrelated the world community becomes, the easier it is for a small, fanatical minority of the left or right to disrupt, destroy, or endanger everyone.

Question 80

Neither greed nor need motivates the political criminal.