Deck 10: Property Crime: Occasional, Conventional, and Professional

Question 1

Under English common law, the basic offense, theft, was referred to as ______.

A) larceny
B) petty theft
C) grand theft
D) embezzelment

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Larceny includes all of the following except ______.

A) embezellment
B) shoplifting
C) robbery
D) homicide

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of occasional criminals?

A) often lower-class
B) not easily deterred
C) crime is not their sole means of livelihood
D) likely to express identification with criminal behavior

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common type of shoplifter?

A) booster
B) shadow professional
C) snitch
D) fence

Question 5

Which of the following types of shoplifters supplement their legitimate income by stealing?

A) snitch
B) shadow professional
C) fence
D) booster

Question 6

According to Cameron, most "snitches" ______.

A) supplement legitimate incomes by stealing
B) have extensive criminal histories
C) do not anticipate getting caught
D) are not easily deterred

Question 7

Which of the following types of shoplifters concentrating on expensive items that can be quickly converted to cash by prearrangement with a "fence"?

A) snitch
B) shadow professional
C) fence
D) booster

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common form of vandalism?

A) predatory vandalism
B) professional vandalism
C) vindictive vandalism
D) wanton vandalism

Question 9

A group of youths paint swastikas on the door of a synagogue. This would be classified as which of the following?

A) predatory vandalism
B) professional vandalism
C) vindictive vandalism
D) wanton vandalism

Question 10

Which of the following involves the willful destruction of property without the consent of the owner or agent of the owner?

A) shoplifting
B) vandalism
C) larceny
D) forgery

Question 11

______ vandalism consists of destructive acts that have no purpose and produce no monetary gain.

A) Wanton
B) Predatory
C) Vindictive
D) Hatred

Question 12

John is a student at a local high school. One night he makes the decitions to destroy the vending machine in the cafeteria to steal some candy bars and chips. What types of vandalism is he engaging in?

A) wanton vandalism
B) predatory vandalism
C) vindictive vandalism
D) hatred vandalism

Question 13

Most acts of wanton vandalism are committed by ______.

A) juveniles
B) vagrants
C) professional criminals
D) experience gang members

Question 14

According to the 2016 National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB), which of the following automobiles is considered as the one vehicle that is most targeted for motor vehicle theft?

A) Honda Accord
B) Subaru Outback
C) Toyota Highlander
D) Kia Sorento

Question 15

Chop shops fall under which of the following motor vehcile theft typologies?

A) short-term transportation
B) joyriding
C) long-term transportaiton
D) profit motivated

Question 16

Susie and her friends have temporarily borrowed her neighbor's car while they are sleeping. They decided to go out cruising. Unfortunately, the car runs out of gas and they abandon it in a supermarket parking lot. This is referred to as ______.

A) short-term transportation
B) joyriding
C) long-term transportaiton
D) profit motivated

Question 17

Which of the following involves the conversion or obtaining of money or property under false pretenses?

A) fraud
B) shoplifting
C) arson
D) burglary

Question 18

"Known burglars" are called such because they ______.

A) are weak enough in their trade to be known to police
B) have strong reputations among other criminals
C) have strong familiarity with the criminal networks in their area
D) are "in the know" regarding the latest techniques in burglary

Question 19

An individual, who usually does not engage in crime, burglarizes a car because the opportunity presents itself. This describes which of the following types of burglars?

A) junkies
B) known burglar
C) professional burglar
D) young burlar

Question 20

Offenders that are highly skilled, undertake extensive planning, and concentrate on big jobs because burglary is often their sole livelihood are referred to as ______.

A) junkies
B) known burglar
C) professional burglar
D) young burlar

Question 21

Dealers in stolen property are referred to as ______.

A) burglars
B) fences
C) thieves
D) robbers

Question 22

Which crime makes up the largest category of the UCR crime index?

A) arson
B) larceny/theft
C) robbery
D) vandalism

Question 23

A former employee sets fire to his former bosses home. This is an example of ______ arson.

A) crime concealment
B) profit-motivated
C) revenge arson
D) sabotage

Question 24

An individual sets fire to a house to dispose of physical evidence. This is an example of ______ arson.

A) crime concealment
B) excitement
C) profit-motivated
D) revenge arson

Question 25

The cheapest crime to commit in the world is ______.

A) petty theft
B) fraud
C) robbery
D) arson

Question 26

______ arson is often carried out by pyromaniacs individuals who have a morbid fascination with setting and observing fires.

A) Sabotage
B) Excitement
C) Crime concealment
D) Revenge

Question 27

According to the text, pyromania is in the realm of the ______ offenders.

A) coventional property
B) psychotic or psychopathic
C) occasional property
D) organized

Question 28

Which of the following is a characteristic of conventional criminals?

A) strongly identify with middle-class values
B) unlikely to express identification with criminal behavior
C) lack specialized knowledge of criminal techniques
D) delinquency persists into mid-20s

Question 29

All of the following describe a conventional offender except that they ______.

A) are less easily deterred
B) are often lower-class
C) have short or no criminal record
D) have strong societal reactions against their crimes

Question 30

The criminal careers of most conventional criminals peak in their ______.

A) early teens
B) late teens
C) early adult years
D) mid-life years

Question 31

Stealing from jewelery stores by substitution fake look-alikes is known as ______.

A) boosting
B) hotel prowling
C) pennyweighting
D) hanging paper

Question 32

The argot associted with an individual who passes bad checks or money orders is referred to as ______.

A) hanging paper
B) boosters
C) heels
D) the shake

Question 33

According to the model of profressional crime, which of the following is associated with amateur crime?

A) full-time source of income
B) lifelong career
C) low status
D) successful avoidance of detenction

Question 34

Individuals who obtain their sole livelihood through criminal behavior are known as ______ criminals.

A) white-collar
B) professional
C) independent
D) conventional

Question 35

All of the following describe a professional criminal except that ______.

A) crime is their sole livelihood
B) they do not view their activities as criminal
C) seek high status in the criminal world
D) have overall success at avoiding detection

Question 36

Which of the following theories view property crime as learned behavior in which the offender becomes socialized to engage in criminal activity?

A) anomie theory
B) developmental/life course theory
C) differential association theory
D) routine activities theory

Question 37

Plate (1975) identified all of the following characteristics of profressional criminals except that ______.

A) they seek anonymity
B) they are usually drug addicts
C) their crimes are random and not planned
D) they have unstable families

Question 38

Which kind of crime does a "booster" engage in?

A) arson
B) burglary
C) pickpocketing
D) shoplifting

Question 39

Boosters represent the ______ class among profressional criminals.

A) lowest
B) middle
C) professional
D) mob family

Question 40

Professional pickpockets are referred to as ______.

A) boosters
B) cannons
C) heels
D) fencers

Question 41

______ readily convert the burglar's booty into more portable cash.

A) Tipsters
B) Fixers
C) Fences
D) Boosters

Question 42

Attorneys and bondsmen who use bribery to ward off prosecution are known as ______.

A) tipsters
B) fences
C) fixers
D) cannons

Question 43

John is professional burglar who has extensive experience and specialization in breaking into safes. He is known as a ______.

A) booster
B) fence
C) fixer
D) box man

Question 44

Which of the following types of fences tend to be a major dealer in stolen goods?

A) master
B) neighborhood
C) outlet
D) professional

Question 45

Which type of fence sells stolen goods alongside legitimate merchandise?

A) master
B) neighborhood
C) outlet
D) professional

Question 46

Which type of fences is considered a major distributor of stolen goods?

A) neighborhood fence
B) master fence
C) professional fence
D) outlet fence

Question 47

"Paperhangers" engage in what form of crime?

A) They serve as distractions during professional shoplifting jobs.
B) They assist fences in the retailing of stolen merchandise.
C) They pass bad checks or other documents.
D) For a fee, they light fires for professional arsonists.

Question 48

______ theory is a particularly useful model for explaining shoplifting.

A) Strain
B) Social disorganization
C) Differential association
D) Routine activities

Question 49

Which of the following theories argues that the emphasis on material success to an extreme without the provision of legitimate opportunities for their achievement contains the roots of deviance and crime?

A) anomie theory
B) social disorganization theory
C) social bonds theory
D) routine activities theory

Question 50

Violent crimes greatly outnumber property crimes in the contemporary United States.

Question 51

Occasional property criminals steal or damage property on an infrequent basis.

Question 52

Most occasional property criminals lack a past official history of criminality.

Question 53

Shrinkage refers to losses owing to shoplifting, employee theft, vendor fraud, and administrative error.

Question 54

Most snitches steal large and expensive items for their own personal use.

Question 55

Motor vehicle theft includes things such as motorcycle and boat thefts but not bicycle thefts.

Question 56

Fraud is defined as the "making, altering, uttering or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is made to appear true."

Question 57

Systematic check forgers are those who pass bad checks in order to resolve a temporary financial crisis.

Question 58

U.S. property crime rates have continued to increase since 1974.

Question 59

Conventional property criminals are more likely to be arrested and imprisoned.

Question 60

Young burglars are under 16 years of age and prey on local neighborhood targets chosen by chance or occasion.

Question 61

Fencing operations describe police programs where law enforcement pose as dealers of stolen goods.

Question 62

Identity theft describes activities such as dumpster diving, using handheld card readers, stealing login credentials, or phishing.

Question 63

Sabotage arsonists describe those individuals who have a morbid fascination with setting and observing fires.

Question 64

Profit-motivated arson is illustrated by insurance fraud, in which structures are purposely torched to collect on their insured value.

Question 65

Occasional property offenders do not require criminal associations to commit their crimes.

Question 66

Most professional criminals target activity that cannot be easily tracked.

Question 67

The societal reaction to occasional property offenders is relatively strong.

Question 68

Those who commit more sophisticated crimes and face lesser chances of arrest or conviction are referred to as intensives.

Question 69

The distinctive or specialized language of a group is known as argot.

Question 70

The more criminals exhibit each characteristic of professional crime such as skill, high status, and the like, the more professional they are regarded.

Question 71

Amateurs tend to freelance or be less tied to relatively permanent criminal organizations than their organized-crime counterparts.

Question 72

The main distinction between occupational/corporate crime and professional crime is that in occupational/corporate crime, the crime is incidental to a legitimate business, whereas in professional crime, the business is to perform criminal activity.

Question 73

"Professional crime" is a legal construct that is considered in sentencing.

Question 74

Professional criminals are usually drug addicts.

Question 75

Professionals plan and carefully choose their victims to maximize the score and minimize risks.

Question 76

Professional pickpockets are also known as "boosters."

Question 77

Master fencers regularly sells hot merchandise along with legitimate stock.

Question 78

Forgers often operate independently and are less a part of the world of professional criminals than some other offenders.

Question 79

Burglars are distinctive from most professional criminals for their willingness to use force.

Question 80

Professional robbers are unique in their willingness to use force.