Deck 6: Individual Views of Delinquency

Question 1

The unique conceptions of crime and criminal justice that emerged in the eighteenth century were collectively known as

A) Choice Theory.
B) the Classical School of Criminology.
C) the Modern Criminal Justice System.
D) Trait Theory.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the eighteenth century, people who called for changes to the existing legal system were sometimes called __________.

A) justices.
B) classicists.
C) reformists.
D) offenders.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The relativeness of a punishment to a particular crime is known as __________.

A) proportionality
B) equitableness.
C) hedonism.
D) responsibility.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In his book, The Seductions of Crime, Jack Katz points out that an important factor in delinquent behavior is __________.

A) moralism.
B) excitement.
C) vandalism.
D) experience.

Question 5

To use punishment of one individual as an example to others is known as __________.

A) general deterrence.
B) sanctioning
C) specific deterrence.
D) sanctioning.

Question 6

The belief that delinquency is not a result of free will, but of other factors beyond the control of an individual is known as __________.

A) configuration.
B) influence.
C) bioligism.
D) determinism.

Question 7

A scientific approach to understanding and identifying the biological connections to criminal behavior is called __________.

A) positivism.
B) negativism.
C) neutrality.
D) atavism.

Question 8

Trait theory focuses on a person's __________.

A) biological background.
B) emotional state.
C) physical makeup.
D) intelligence.

Question 9

Which theorist believed that criminals were biological throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution?

A) William Sheldon
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Herbert Needleman
D) None of these are correct.

Question 10

In his book, Varieties of Delinquent Youth, William Sheldon put forth his theory of

A) somatyping.
B) MBD.
C) geneticism.
D) generalized psychology.

Question 11

In cognitive psychology, the process of acquiring information and redefining it into a personal understanding is called

A) digestion.
B) encoding.
C) self-efficacy.
D) processing

Question 12

The work of Sigmund Freud, focusing on repressed emotions and obstacles created in childhood, is known as __________.

Question 13

The study of the development of moral codes that people use is part of __________.

Question 14

Freud referred to the part of the personality that continually seeks pleasure as the __________.

Question 15

_________ is a symptom of Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Question 16

Manic symptoms of bipolar can include __________.

Question 17

Modern scholars, who believe there is an interaction between biological and environmental factors in delinquent behavior, are known as __________.

Question 18

James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein wrote the book __________.

Question 19

Wilson and Hernstein suggest a _______relationship between intelligence and adult crime?

Question 20

Who was one of the founders of behavioral theory?

Question 21

At which stage, in Piaget's model of cognitive development, do youths begin to think abstractly?

Question 22

Youths with Conduct Disorder have difficulty __________.

Question 23

Biosocial theories often use historical data as a focus of their research.

Question 24

Neurological explanations for aggressive behavior in youths are sometimes called Atavisms.

Question 25

A limitation of Freudian analysis in describing delinquency is that it is highly subjective.

Question 26

Research has shown a correlation between delinquency in girls and puberty.

Question 27

Sigmund Freud was one of the founders of behavioral theory.

Question 28

The concrete operations stage is the second one in Piaget's model of cognitive development

Question 29

Developmental psychology focuses on changes that occur in people as they age

Question 30

Manic symptoms of bipolar can include loss of energy.

Question 31

Youths that suffer from an inability to express and process emotion, but do not engage in criminal activities are known as primary psychopaths.

Question 32

Attention to details is not a sign of Inattentive ADHD.

Question 33

Intense feelings of guilt over actions is not characteristic of a psychopathic personality.