Deck 4: Social Structural Theories of Delinquency

Question 1

Social structural theories link delinquency and crime to

A) poverty.
B) racism.
C) inadequate education.
D) all of these are correct

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, how many people are defined as near poor?

A) 10 million
B) 40 million
C) 100 million
D) 76 million

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Statistics show that about 76 percent of poor people are

A)lazy.
B)older than 21.
C)full-time employees.
D)not employed.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What suggested percentage of a person's income should be spent on housing?

A) 50
B) 25
C) 30
D) 15

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of social capital?

A) A grade-school friend who lives in a major city.
B) A sister who is on unemployment benefits.
C) A college friend whose company is hiring.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 6

The lack of quality jobs is a result of exporting the manufacturing process to lower-wage countries, or

A) life chances.
B) deindustrialization.
C) gentrification.
D) foreignization.

Question 7

Because educational opportunities are not equally distributed, the educational system often reinforces one's

A) race.
B) gender.
C) nationality.
D) social class.

Question 8

The works of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim are known as

A) classical social theory.
B) pathological social theory.
C) modern social theory.
D) criminal social theory.

Question 9

Social structural theories developed in response to problems that arose out of the

A) Great Depression.
B) Industrial Revolution.
C) Agricultural Revolution.
D) Civil-Rights Movement

Question 10

Solving residential problems without the police is known as

A) informal social control.
B) formal social control.
C) mechanical social control.
D) delinquent social control.

Question 11

Durkheim described the general connectedness people feel for a larger group as

A) mechanical solidarity.
B) moral solidarity.
C) social solidarity.
D) specialization.

Question 12

_________ is the process in which affluent people move into an inner-city neighborhood and improve the homes and property values.

Question 13

A basic belief of Emile Durkheim was that deviant behavior was the result of a
_________.

Question 14

When people have shared similar views, the society is said to reflect a higher level of _________.

Question 15

According to Durkheim, a strong collective conscience occurs in societies that have
__________.

Question 16

An area of rapid social change and heterogeneity is called the
___________.

Question 17

Organic solidarity describes a society based on __________.

Question 18

According to Merton, people who give up a belief in a society's goals and instead focus on social rules are labeled _________.

Question 19

Attempting to synthesize the theories of Merton and Sutherland, Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin developed the concept of __________.

Question 20

Wolfgang and Ferracuti suggest that lower-class youths define themselves through their __________.

Question 21

In a subculture of violence, violence is used to resolve conflicts as well as enhancing one's ___________

Question 22

According to Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, social disorganization could be created by __________.

Question 23

One of the challenges relating to the social structural theories of delinquency relates to the increasing costs of housing.

Question 24

According to the subculture of violence theory, lower-class youths define themselves through their reputations.

Question 25

Merton argues that people who give up a belief in society's goals and focus instead on the social rules are known as innovators.

Question 26

Societies characterized by organic solidarity are based on similarity of tasks.

Question 27

Homogeneity is the tendency for a group of people to think and act similarly.

Question 28

A small town would be a good example of a heterogeneous culture.

Question 29

According to Durkheim, a strong collective conscience occurs in societies that have mechanical solidarity.

Question 30

Community cleanup of a trash-ridden playground illustrates the Broken Windows theory of policing.

Question 31

Walter Miller believes delinquency often results from a lack of a father figure.

Question 32

Youths who do not meet Cohen's middle class measuring rods often form groups that reject these standards, a process Cohen calls general strain.

Question 33

In Miller's theory, If a youth says, "No one is going to tell me what to do," he or she is displaying autonomy as a focal concern.