Deck 12: Christianity

Question 1

What is the definition of the following term:
-apostle:

Answer 1

In the New Testament, Jesus's disciples, sent out to preach and baptize, are called apostles (Greek apostolos, "one who is sent out"). Paul of Tarsus and some other early Christian leaders also claimed this title. Because of their close association with Jesus, the apostles were accorded a place of honor in the early Church.

Question 2

What is the definition of the following term:
-apostolic succession:

Answer 2

According to this Roman Catholic and Orthodox doctrine, the spiritual authority conferred by Jesus on the apostles has been transmitted through an unbroken line of bishops, who are their successors.

Question 3

What is the definition of the following term:
-baptism:

Answer 3

Performed by immersion in water or a sprinkling with water, baptism is a sacrament in which an individual is cleansed of sin and admitted into the Church.

Question 4

What is the definition of the following term:
-bishop:

Question 5

What is the definition of the following term:
-Calvin, John (1509-1564):

Question 6

What is the definition of the following term:
-Christmas:

Question 7

What is the definition of the following term:
-church:

Question 8

What is the definition of the following term:
-Easter:

Question 9

What is the definition of the following term:
-Epiphany:

Question 10

What is the definition of the following term:
-Eucharist:

Question 11

What is the definition of the following term:
-evangelicalism:

Question 12

What is the definition of the following term:
-fundamentalism:

Question 13

What is the definition of the following term:
-gospel:

Question 14

What is the definition of the following term:
-grace:

Question 15

What is the definition of the following term:
-icons:

Question 16

What is the definition of the following term:
-Inquisition:

Question 17

What is the definition of the following term:
-kingdom of God:

Question 18

What is the definition of the following term:
-liturgy:

Question 19

What is the definition of the following term:
-logos:

Question 20

What is the definition of the following term:
-Lord's Prayer:

Question 21

What is the definition of the following term:
-Luther, Martin (1483-1536):

Question 22

What is the definition of the following term:
-Nicene Creed:

Question 23

What is the definition of the following term:
-original sin:

Question 24

What is the definition of the following term:
-Orthodox Church:

Question 25

What is the definition of the following term:
-parable:

Question 26

What is the definition of the following term:
-Paul of Tarsus:

Question 27

What is the definition of the following term:
-Pentecost:

Question 28

What is the definition of the following term:
-Pentecostalism:

Question 29

What is the definition of the following term:
-Protestant Christianity:

Question 30

What is the definition of the following term:
-purgatory:

Question 31

What is the definition of the following term:
-Roman Catholic Church:

Question 32

What is the definition of the following term:
-rosary:

Question 33

What is the definition of the following term:
-sacraments:

Question 34

What is the definition of the following term:
-saint:

Question 35

What is the definition of the following term:
-scholasticism:

Question 36

What is the definition of the following term:
-sin:

Question 37

What is the definition of the following term:
-Trinity:

Question 38

Jesus was

A) Idumean.
B) Greek.
C) Syrian.
D) Jewish.

Question 39

When Jesus spoke of the kingdom of God (and kingdom of heaven), he meant the

A) kingdom of ancient Israel described in the Old Testament.
B) independent state Jews in Jesus's time hoped to create.
C) state of affairs that exists when people live in obedience to God's will.
D) heavenly society of saints and angels.

Question 40

The word Christ (Greek, Christos) means

A) anointed one.
B) beloved one.
C) righteous one.
D) one who judges.

Question 41

When Christians speak of "grace" they mean God's

A) justice.
B) love.
C) mercy.
D) power.

Question 42

For Protestants, the only perfect authority on spiritual matters is

A) the Bible.
B) one's pastor.
C) one's conscience.
D) the Holy Spirit, who guides Christians in their daily lives.

Question 43

Christianity understands God as

A) personal.
B) personal and transcendent.
C) personal, transcendent, and triune.
D) personal, transcendent, triune, and immanent.

Question 44

For Christians, the biblical story of Adam and Eve illustrates that fact that human sin

A) brought a separation of God and humanity.
B) was inevitable, since evil was a part of human nature from the beginning.
C) can be blamed on Satan.
D) is the consequence of God's creation of an imperfect world.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the Gospels?

A) Biographies of Jesus
B) Letters written by Jesus
C) Proclamations of the "good news" about Jesus
D) Theological treatises written by the disciples of Jesus

Question 46

The kingdom of God, repentance, and love were major

A) themes in the teaching of Jesus.
B) themes in the teachings of Luther.
C) ideals emphasized at the Council of Trent.
D) ideals emphasized at the Second Vatican Council.

Question 47

The first-century Christian missionary known for popularizing Christianity among Gentiles and writing letters included in the New Testament was

A) Antoninus.
B) Lucius.
C) Paul.
D) Silas.

Question 48

Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians regard _______ as having equal authority with scripture.

A) tradition
B) the majority opinions of Christians themselves
C) prophecy
D) All of the above

Question 49

All four of the gospels

A) can be classified as biographies that tell the story of the life of Jesus.
B) focus on the miracles of Jesus as opposed to his teachings.
C) focus on the teachings of Jesus as opposed to his miracles.
D) focus almost entirely on the ministry of Jesus, saying little about his life in the period before it began.

Question 50

In the ancient Church, bishops gathered _______ to formulate Christian theology.

A) at ecclesiastical assemblies in Rome and Constantinople
B) in the Vatican
C) in regional synods
D) ecumenical councils

Question 51

The basic meaning of the word catholic is

A) correct belief.
B) universal.
C) correct in doctrine.
D) imperial.

Question 52

The doctrine of "apostolic succession" states that

A) the popes are the successors of Jesus as leaders of the Church.
B) bishops receive their authority through an unbroken line of bishops that reaches back to the apostles and, through them, to Christ himself.
C) bishops have the authority to appoint their own successors.
D) Christians have the right to elect their bishops.

Question 53

Constantine was the first Roman emperor to

A) convert to Christianity.
B) build a cathedral (St. Peter's) in Rome.
C) persecute Christians.
D) be a bishop as well as an emperor.

Question 54

In addition to Martin Luther, reformers like _______ had great influence in the Protestant Reformation.

A) Oliver Cromwell and Oliver Cowdery.
B) Jan of Leiden and Peter Waldo.
C) Thomas Cranmer and Ignatius of Loyola.
D) John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli.

Question 55

The Protestant Reformation began in the

A) late 1200s.
B) early 1500s.
C) late 1700s.
D) early 1800s.

Question 56

Between the 15th and 19th centuries, most Orthodox Christians outside of Russia

A) lived in the Ottoman Empire, in which the dominant religion was Islam.
B) were forced to follow the dictates of the pope.
C) had complete freedom of religion.
D) recognized the patriarch of Jerusalem as their spiritual leader.

Question 57

Which is true of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II, 1962-65), a council of Roman Catholic bishops convened by Pope John XXIII?

A) It called for a break in relations between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches.
B) It called for reforms intended to adapt the Church to the twentieth-century world.
C) It called into question the doctrine of Transubstantiation.
D) It called for the ordination of women as deacons.

Question 58

Augustine's City of God describes

A) his spiritual journey.
B) heaven.
C) the meaning of history.
D) Rome.

Question 59

The goal of the ecumenical movement is to

A) promote unity among Christians.
B) encourage Christians to provide aid to the poor.
C) encourage simplicity in worship.
D) increase Christian involvement in global politics.

Question 60

The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-63) was convened to

A) formally approve the doctrine of transubstantiation.
B) restore the unity of the Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions.
C) respond to the Protestant Reformation.
D) declare the doctrine of papal infallibility.

Question 61

Fundamentalism appeared in the early twentieth century as a(n)

A) attempt to restore unity among Roman Catholics and Protestants.
B) set of fundamental principles to be observed by missionaries.
C) Protestant response to various aspects of modern culture.
D) form of preaching used in Orthodox churches.

Question 62

The Syllabus of Errors published by Pope Pius IX in 1864 was a(n)

A) list of features of modern culture that Catholics were urged to reject.
B) admission that some ancient Roman Catholic doctrines were false.
C) list of twelve anti-popes from the Middle Ages.
D) list of philosophers whose views were inconsistent with those of the Church.

Question 63

Monastic "rules" such as those of Benedict of Nursia and Basil the Great

A) require monks and nuns to practice a severe asceticism.
B) provide outlines for the organization of monasteries and monastic life.
C) forbid contact between monasteries and the outside world.
D) require monks and nuns to eat and worship alone, rather than in the company of others.

Question 64

Hesychasm is

A) a form of mysticism that emphasizes inner quiet and repetitive prayer.
B) the doctrine that God gave the Byzantine emperors authority over the Church.
C) the belief that hell exists and is eternal.
D) the belief that hell exists but is not eternal.

Question 65

Which of the following formulated the doctrine of original sin, according to which all of humanity participated in the sin of Adam and Eve and suffers its consequences?

A) St. Augustine
B) St. Bernard
C) St. Dositheus
D) St. Francis

Question 66

Demographic trends project that Christianity's "center of gravity"

A) remains solidly established in Western Europe and North America.
B) is moving toward Eastern Europe and Russia.
C) is moving toward Africa, Asia, and South America.
D) is moving from South America into North America.

Question 67

A commitment to sharing the gospel with others, a strong emphasis on individual study of the Bible, and a "born again" conversion experience are characteristic of

A) Catholicism.
B) evangelicalism.
C) Hesychasm.
D) Puritanism.

Question 68

In England, the Reformation led to the creation of the _______, which remains independent of the Roman Catholic Church.

A) Anabaptist Church
B) Church of the Apostles
C) Church of England
D) Church of the North

Question 69

(SA2 Generally speaking, _______ have been the most open to acknowledging and adapting to the realities of modern culture.

A) fundamentalists
B) evangelicals
C) liberal Protestants
D) Baptists

Question 70

Puritans derived their name from the fact that they

A) believed they had greater moral purity than other Christians.
B) believed that the highest ideal was the purity of Christ.
C) insisted that people guilty of gross sin should not be allowed in the Church.
D) wanted to purify the Church of England of all features of Catholicism.

Question 71

In Orthodox churches, the sanctuary (where the altar is located) is separated from the nave (where the congregation sits) by a(n)

A) eidolon.
B) iconostasis.
C) hypostasis.
D) proscenion.

Question 72

Which of the following is a prayer given by Jesus to his disciples?

A) The Jesus Prayer
B) The Lord's Prayer (also known as the Our Father)
C) The Nunc Dimittis
D) The Ave Maria

Question 73

Pentecost is a holiday that commemorates the

A) descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' disciples.
B) ascension of Jesus into heaven.
C) baptism of Jesus.
D) crucifixion of Jesus.

Question 74

Traditionally, the sacraments have been understood as

A) rituals created by the John the Baptist.
B) twelve special rituals devised by Jesus's disciples.
C) visible symbols of God's grace.
D) seven ceremonies that offer atonement for sin.

Question 75

Roman Catholic worship and Orthodox worship

A) have essentially the same structure.
B) are both based on the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom.
C) occur only on Sundays.
D) are simpler in form than Protestant worship.

Question 76

The most important feature of Roman Catholic and Orthodox worship is

A) recitation of the Lord's Prayer.
B) the sermon.
C) the Eucharist.
D) confession of sin.

Question 77

The word gospel means "good news."

Question 78

Christians acknowledge the Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament) as having the same authority as the New Testament texts.

Question 79

Christians believe that Jesus Christ was both fully human and fully divine.

Question 80

The first Christians were Jews.