Deck 5: Effects of Early Stimulation and Deprivation

Question 1

Renowned psychologist David Elkind maintains which of the following about the trend toward earlier education for children?

A) It is important for optimal and overall child development.
B) It is important for optimal cognitive development but not motor development.
C) It is important for motor development but not for cognitive development.
D) It is an unfortunate trend.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Author and psychologist Glenn Doman has written that early education programs are beneficial for which areas of children's development?

A) Physical fitness
B) Intellect
C) Fine motor control
D) All of these areas

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why has Glenn Doman received harsh criticism for his positions on early education and child development?

A) Because experts do not believe these programs are viable for cognitive development.
B) Because experts do not believe these programs are viable for motor development.
C) Because experts do not believe these programs are viable for any area of development.
D) Because he has failed to provide scientific evidence to support his theories.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What does the Gymboree philosophy state?

A) Fun is an important aspect of early development.
B) The education of the parent is more important than the education of the very young child.
C) Emphasis on cognitive components of early development is especially important.
D) Competitive activities are particularly beneficial for young children.

Question 5

Throughout the last decade, which of the following has been one of the most common forms of formalized early motor stimulation for infants and young children?

A) Gymnastics training
B) Ball skill development
C) Swim programs for infants and preschoolers
D) Roller-skating and roller-blading for preschoolers

Question 6

What does the term hyponatremia refer to?

A) Water intoxication
B) Drowning
C) Low blood pressure
D) Low red blood cell count

Question 7

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children are generally not ready for swimming lessons until what age?

A) 2 years
B) 4 years
C) 6 years
D) 8 years

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the Suzuki method of learning to play the violin?

A) It began in China more than 75 years ago.
B) It started as a result of the idea that, if children can learn to speak by hearing conversations, they could learn to play the violin in the same manner.
C) It encourages children to perform in competitions at early ages.
D) It recommends that parents should play music and sing to their children, even if off tune, as the repetition is key.

Question 9

According to the Suzuki method of learning to play the violin,

A) Actual violin lessons could being around a year of age
B) Active modes of learning are most important
C) Parents should make the lessons mandatory, even if the child appears uninterested at first
D) Parents should also take vioin lessons

Question 10

In the classic research that McGraw conducted on Johnny and Jimmy (1935), Jimmy-the more deprived twin-was found to be which of the following?

A) More dependent on their mother than Johnny
B) More social
C) Unhappy and poorly adjusted
D) Less prone to temper tantrums

Question 11

In the classic study by McGraw (1935) on the twins Johnny and Jimmy, it was found that Johnny skated at less than 1 year of age; Jimmy, who was not introduced to skating until almost a year later, however, never succeeded in this task. McGraw believed that Johnny's ability in skating was a function of which of the following?

A) Greater readiness
B) Greater recklessness
C) Lower center of gravity
D) Practice

Question 12

In the "Johnny and Jimmy" study by McGraw, Johnny (who had learned skating earlier than Jimmy) had difficulties skating when he was 3 years of age. What did McGraw credit this finding to?

A) Boredom on Johnny's part
B) Attitudinal differences; Johnny had become reckless while Jimmy was cautious
C) Johnny's learning to ride the tricycle; the two tasks could not be maintained at the same time
D) Inhibition

Question 13

According to research conducted on institutionalized 8- and 9-year-old children (Roeber, Gunnar, & Pollak, 2013), which of the following is true about the institutionalized children, when compared to non-institutionalized children?

A) They had relatively poorer bilateral coordination
B) They actually showed enhanced growth
C) They had significantly impaired reading ability
D) They had significantly better social interactions

Question 14

According to Dennis (1940), what happened to Hopi infants who were placed on cradleboards until their first birthday?

A) They developed skills such as sitting, creeping, and walking in the usual sequence and at the same times as non-cradle-boarded, non-Hopi children.
B) They suffered extreme limb damage, particularly to the legs.
C) They lagged in verbal ability as a result of the deprivation of motor skills.
D) All selections are correct.

Question 15

Infants under extended hospital care in nonstimulating environments often fail to gain weight and tend to develop respiratory conditions and fever. What is this condition known as?

A) Hyponatremia
B) Giardia
C) Deprivation dwarfism
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 16

According to the Kingsley Davis (1946) study, what happened to the young girl name Anna following a period of severe deprivation?

A) She showed no signs of improvement.
B) She improved her performance in motor skills but lagged in her intellectual capacities.
C) She improved her performance in cognitive skills but lagged in her motor capacities.
D) She was able to catch up to children her own age in both motor skills and cognitive abilities.

Question 17

A time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli is known as which of the following?

A) Catch-up
B) Critical period
C) Stabilization
D) Giardia

Question 18

"Catch-up" is a developmental concept that refers to which of the following?

A) A time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli
B) The establishment of skills such as catching and throwing
C) The human power to stabilize and return to a predetermined behavior after being pushed off trajectory
D) The ability to determine the trajectory of a particular object in flight

Question 19

Tanner's (1978) growth curve following a period of severe nutritional deprivation is an example of which of the following?

A) Readiness
B) Catch-up
C) Severe deprivation
D) Critical period

Question 20

According to research on infant swim programs and recommendations from groups like the American Academy of Pediatrics, which of the following is true?

A) Early programs emphasizing drown proofing are particularly important to ensure the safety of infants in the water.
B) Formal swim lessons should begin as early as two years of age.
C) The indoor swimming environment can increase the chance of allergic reactions and impair respiratory health.
D) Early swim lessons are important for improved hyponatremia in infants.

Question 21

In classic research on young monkeys that had been socially isolated, what did Suomi and Harlow (1978) find?

A) Young monkeys isolated for three months were unable to catch-up from the social isolation.
B) The first six months of life were a critical period for social interaction.
C) Monkeys isolated for the longest period were less passionate and more withdrawn.
D) Longer periods of social isolation did not lead to more devastating social effects.

Question 22

Which of the following terms is best used to describe infant swim programs?

A) Drownproofing
B) Water adjustment
C) Waterproofing
D) Watersafe

Question 23

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a parasite that can be transmitted in the water of swimming pools.

Question 24

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a style of teaching the violin that advocates appropriate parent and child attitudes.

Question 25

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a program of early educational experiences for financially disadvantaged children.

Question 26

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a popular device that allows children to be mobile at a very early age; controversial due to concerns about injuries.

Question 27

What do the following sentences refer to :
-how well established a skill is when it is discontinued.

Question 28

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a negative influence on human growth caused by serious or adverse stimulation.

Question 29

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a time of particular sensitivity to environmental stimuli.

Question 30

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the establishment of the minimum characteristics necessary for acquisition of a particular human behavior.

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the human ability to stabilize and return to a predetermined behavior or growth pattern after being pushed off trajectory.

Question 32

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the subjects of a classic investigation concerning motor development and the effect of early stimulation and deprivation.

Question 33

The American Academy of Pediatrics states that infant swim programs do not decrease the risk of drowning among participants.

Question 34

Infant swim programs are one way of helping parents feel secure that their child is safe from drowning.

Question 35

Hyponatremia is a parasite transmitted in pool water that develops in cysts in the intestinal tract.

Question 36

A unique aspect of the Suzuki form of learning to play the violin is that the parent is also encouraged to take lessons so they can assist the child when necessary.

Question 37

Early (e.g., infancy) human maltreatment can disrupt brain function by impacting neural circuitry and literally reduce brain volume.

Question 38

In her research involving Jimmy and Johnny, McGraw sought to determine if a child's normal progress in motor development could be altered by certain conditions.

Question 39

Infants under extended hospital care in unstimulating environments often fail to gain weight, a condition known as deprivation dwarfism.

Question 40

Readiness is a time of particular or maximum sensitivity to environmental stimuli.

Question 41

The notion of critical periods posits that, if a child is exposed to the appropriate stimuli during a time of optimal sensitivity, certain human behaviors are more likely to emerge, or at least be facilitated.

Question 42

Catch-up can occur physically, intellectually, socially, and motorically.