Deck 15: Movement in Adulthood

Question 1

Compared to the year 2000, by the year 2030 what will have happened to the number of people over the age of 65?

A) Decreased dramatically
B) Increased by 10 percent
C) Doubled
D) Tripled

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Research on postural sway in adults has determined which of the following?

A) Postural sway ceases by age 50 in most adults
B) Postural sway decreases with age
C) Declines often occur as early as age 30 years
D) Postural sway is more prevalent among males

Answer 2

C

Question 3

By the year 2050, many regions of the world (e.g., Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, Oceania) will have a life expectancy of nearly:

A) 75 years
B) 80 years
C) 85 years
D) 90 years

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to research on older adults, which of the following is true?

A) Reaction time improves with age
B) Movement time declines with age
C) Response time improves with age
D) No differences exist in movement time between young adulthood and older adulthood

Question 5

By what year will the number of children from birth to nine years of age be exceeded by the number of people over sixty years old?

A) 2020
B) 2030
C) 2040
D) 2050

Question 6

What was found in balance-related research studies on adults aged 50 to 75?

A) Females demonstrated generally better balance than males.
B) General decreases were seen yearly in overall balance ability.
C) 75 percent of the older participants in the study had fallen within the last year.
D) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are examples of intrinsic falls?

A) Alcohol and/or drug use
B) Irregular walking surfaces and/or slippery surfaces
C) Fatigue, dizziness, and/or disease
D) Medication and/or rushing

Question 8

Recommendations for older adults who wish to compensate for reduced speed , strength, or endurance and maintain high levels of performance include:

A) Set higher expectations for performance
B) Conserving energy by pacing
C) Concentrate more on accuracy versus speed
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 9

Regarding falls, which of the following is true?

A) Men are 50 percent more likely to die from a fall than women.
B) Women are 70 percent more likely to fall than men.
C) Twenty percent of older adults who fall suffer serious injuries such as hip fractures or head trauma.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 10

According to results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on walking among older people:

A) Longer stride is more closely associated with walking speed declines than age
B) Cadence is more closely associated with walking speed declines than age
C) Slower walking is associated with a greater number of falls
D) All of the above

Question 11

For those over the age of eighty years, the drop-off rate movement activity participation is

A) 3 percent per year
B) 10 percent per year
C) 20 percent per year
D) too difficult to determine

Question 12

In research on fall-prevention programs, what was the minimum criterion determined for the duration of an effective fall-prevention program?

A) 16 weeks at four times per week
B) 10 weeks at two times per week
C) 25 weeks at twice per week
D) 50 weeks at five times per week

Question 13

Compared to 2011, the number of drivers over the age of 65 years, by 2020, will have increased to:

A) 15 million.
B) 30 million.
C) 40 million.
D) The number is actually decreasing.

Question 14

Older adults are characterized by which of the following?

A) Faster recall than their younger counterparts
B) Checking their actions less frequently than younger adults do
C) Being less capable of programming a rapid series of movements in a short period of time
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of falls in older adulthood?

A) Fatigue
B) Improper clothing or attire
C) Medication
D) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is a major factor relating to declines in driving ability with old age?

A) Processing and response time
B) Obesity
C) Physical fitness
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 17

The Mobility Consequences Model depicts the series of events that lead to which of the following?

A) Driving changes and their consequences
B) Increasing numbers of falls with age
C) Decreased walking and physical activity with age
D) Enhanced capacity when we exercise more

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental activity of daily living (IADL)?

A) Feeding oneself
B) Rising from a chair
C) Taking medication
D) Getting in/out of bed

Question 19

Comparing older men and women and falling, which of the following is true?

A) Men are more likely than womern to fall
B) Men trip more, but fall less
C) Men are more likely to die from a fall
D) Men are more likely to incur a fracture from a fall

Question 20

Regarding driving trends with age, which of the following is true of drivers who are over the age of 25?

A) They receive more driving citations
B) They are more likely to be involved in an accident
C) They are more likely to have driving privileges suspended
D) They are more likely to be involved in a fatal accident

Question 21

What factor is most strongly related with declines in one's ability to maintain activities of daily living (ADLs)?

A) Experiencing pain
B) Decline in cognitive function
C) Hearing problems
D) High body mass index

Question 22

Research on the effect of physical activity programs on ADLs among the elderly found the greatest benefit came from programs that:

A) Employed mild levels of physical activity in resistance training. A sixteen week intense program of balance training would be best.
B) Employed moderate levels of physical activity while encouraging intellectual and social skills.
C) Employed vigorous physical activity, especially resistance and flexibility training.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

Research on physiological functional capacity and speed had determined that endurance running speed is well maintained through which age?

A) 25 years of age
B) 35 years of age
C) 45 years of age
D) 55 years of age

Question 24

Research on physiological functional capacity and speed has determined that the point at which declines become "exponential" is at which age?

A) 50 years of age in running and 60 years of age in swimming
B) 60 years of age in running and 70 years of age in swimming
C) 50 years of age in swimming and 60 years of age in running
D) 60 years of age in swimming and 70 years of age in running

Question 25

What is movement time?

A) How quickly we respond to a stimulus
B) The period of time from the beginning of the movement until its completion
C) The period of time from the stimulus initiating the movement until its completion
D) The period of time from the stimulus to the initiation of the movement

Question 26

On average, the mental processing speed of a 70 year old is similar to that of whom?

A) An eight year-old child
B) A 12 year-old
C) An 18 year-old
D) A 25 year-old

Question 27

Exceptions to the commonly expected slowing with age in humans include which of the following?

A) Swimming speed
B) Saccadic movements of the eye
C) More complex movements in general
D) Simpler movements in general

Question 28

Research on physical activity and aging has demonstrated that functional limitations in osteoarthritis can be significantly reduced by walking as little as how much per day?

A) 1,000 steps per day
B) One mile per day
C) Two miles per day
D) Three miles per day

Question 29

According to Healthy People 2020, between 1997 and 2012 what happened to the number of adults engaging in no leisure time physical activity?

A) Decreased by 25 percent
B) Decreased by 50 percent
C) Increased by 25 percent
D) Increased by 50 percent

Question 30

According to Healthy People 2020, what was the percentage of U.S. adults who achieved the recommended levels of physical activity?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 60%

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-overmedication, too many drugs being prescribed at the same time.

Question 32

What do the following sentences refer to :
-walking patterns.

Question 33

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the distance between successive point of floor to floor contact of alternate feet.

Question 34

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the linear distance in the plane of progression between successive points of foot to floor contact of the same foot.

Question 35

What do the following sentences refer to :
-description of the progression of physiological or mental changes that lead to associated changes in human movement, even driving skill and frequency.

Question 36

What do the following sentences refer to :
-eating, rising from a chair, brushing one's teeth, cooking, shopping, etc.

Question 37

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the interval from presentation of an unanticipated stimulus until the beginning of a response.

Question 38

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the interval from the initiation of a movement until its termination.

Question 39

What do the following sentences refer to :
-tasks that involve relating one signal at one position to a response at another position, like releasing a button when a light comes on.

Question 40

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a description of slowing with age as it relates to simple versus more complex movements and their rate of decline.

Question 41

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a tactic common among skilled older adults to overcome existing movement deficits.

Question 42

What do the following sentences refer to :
-painful or difficult breathing that can lead to a fear of overexertion.

Question 43

By 2030, the number of Americans over 65 years of age will have tripled since the year 2000.

Question 44

Worldwide, by the year 2030, one in six people will be over the age of 60 years.

Question 45

Falls account for the most accidental deaths among the elderly in the United States.

Question 46

One of the most important strategies to reduce falling in the elderly is to maintain a physically active lifestyle.

Question 47

Research on balance in elderly populations has determined that BMI is directly related to poorer performance for both men and women.

Question 48

Dual task walking is used to analyze two people's gait patterns when walking together at the same pace.

Question 49

In research from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study, older walkers with longer and faster strides were found to be less likely to experience a decline in walking ability.

Question 50

Intrinsic causes of falls include problems with balance, reduced flexibility, and disease.

Question 51

The last-in-first-out hypothesis suggests that more coordinated, goal oriented, or complicated movements that are developed later in life are often the first to decline.

Question 52

In a 2000 study, the most common source of death from sport participation for older adults was skiing.