Deck 12: Fundamental Locomotion Skills of Childhood

Question 1

"An exaggerated form of" and "a natural extension of the basic skill of walking" are definitions for

A) hopping
B) skipping
C) running
D) jumping
E) galloping

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The elementary stage of catching is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

A) arms relaxed at sides while awaiting ball
B) arms and hands attempt to secure ball by holding it against chest
C) ball caught with hands, without making contact with body
D) fingers extended as hands attempt to grasp ball

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of early attempts at walking?

A) wide base of support
B) toeing-out of the feet
C) heel strike
D) high-guard arm position
E) flat-footed contact

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Infant readiness to begin running is characterized by

A) upper-limb strength for protection in falls
B) toeing-out of the feet
C) size 1 shoes
D) enough lower-limb strength

Question 5

Each running cycle consists of how many phases?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 6

What is the appropriate developmental sequence for running of the following descriptions of leg action?
I) The swing thigh moves forward with acceleration causing 90 degrees of maximal flexion in the knee.
II) The run is flat-footed, with minimal flight.
III) Foot contact is with the heel or the ball of the foot.

A) I, II, III
B) II, I, III
C) III, II, I
D) III, I, II
E) II, III, I

Question 7

What is the appropriate developmental sequence of running of the following descriptions of arm action?
I) Spinal rotation continues to be the prime mover of the arms.
II) Spinal rotation swings the arms bilaterally to counterbalance rotation of the pelvis and swing leg.
III) The humerus begins to drive forward and back in the sagittal plane, independent of spinal rotation.
IV) The arms do not participate in the running action.

A) IV, II, I, III
B) I, II, III, IV
C) II, IV, I, III
D) IV, III, II, I
E) IV, I, III, II

Question 8

According to research on average peak running speed for boys and girls, the following is true:

A) girls peak at about age 8 and boys at age 12
B) boys peak at about age 8 and girls at age 12
C) boys and girls both peak at about age 12
D) girls peak at about age 14, and boys continue to improve beyond age 17
E) boys peak at about age 14, and girls continue to improve beyond age 17

Question 9

According to research on gender differences in motor skill performance, the one skill in which girls outperform boys is

A) running
B) walking
C) hopping
D) rolling
E) striking

Question 10

The developmental sequence for the leg action component of the standing long jump is

A) two-footed takeoff, full extension; fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, partial extension
B) fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, partial extension; two-footed takeoff, full extension
C) two-footed takeoff, partial extension; two-footed takeoff, full extension; fall and catch
D) fall and catch; two-footed takeoff, full extension; two-footed takeoff, partial extension

Question 11

The developmental sequence for the arm action component of the flight and landing phase of the standing long jump is

A) arms winging; arms abducted, lateral rotation; arms abducted, medial rotation; arms overhead
B) arms overhead; arms abducted, medial rotation; arms abducted, lateral rotation; arms winging
C) arms abducted, medial rotation; arms winging; arms overhead; arms abducted, lateral rotation
D) arms abducted, lateral rotation; arms abducted, medial rotation; arms overhead; arms winging

Question 12

The first of the combined fundamental movement skills to emerge after the single motor patterns have been established is the

A) slide
B) skip
C) canter
D) schottische
E) gallop

Question 13

The combined locomotor pattern that consists of a forward step followed by a leap onto the trailing foot is the

A) slide
B) race-walk
C) skip
D) schottische
E) gallop

Question 14

The slide is the same as the gallop EXCEPT

A) leg stride is shorter in the gallop
B) leg stride is longer in the gallop
C) the slide is performed in a sideways direction
D) the gallop is performed in a sideways direction

Question 15

The most difficult motor pattern for children to attain is the

A) gallop
B) skip
C) slide
D) hop
E) jump

Question 16

One of the motor patterns in which girls generally outperform boys is

A) running
B) leaping
C) jumping
D) skipping

Question 17

The developmental sequence for the leg action component of skipping is

A) one-footed skip/two-footed skip; flat-footed landing/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing
B) one-footed skip/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing/two-footed skip; flat-footed landing
C) two-footed skip; flat-footed landing/one-footed skip/two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing
D) two-footed skip; ball-of-the-foot landing/two-footed skip; flat-footed landing/one-footed skip

Question 18

The developmental sequence for the arm action component for skipping is

A) opposition; semi-opposition; bilateral assist
B) bilateral assist; semi-opposition; opposition
C) opposition; bilateral assist; semi-opposition
D) semi-opposition; opposition; bilateral assist

Question 19

According to data about the vertical jump collected by Isaacs (2000), children of all ages jump higher when which type of vertical jump is employed?

A) noncountermovement
B) countermovement
C) 3-step running start
D) 6-step running start

Question 20

Which combination movement skills is characterized by an uneven rhythmical pattern?

A) gallop
B) slide
C) skip
D) gallop and slide
E) all selections are correct

Question 21

Research has confirmed that independent walking gait is initially altered when an external load (backpack) exceeds what percent of the child's body weight?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 22

What do the following sentences refer to :
-According to research, backpacks should not exceed what percent of body weight?

Question 23

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Average age (in months) at which independent walking occurs.

Question 24

What do the following sentences refer to :
-On average, peak running speed occurs in girls at about this age (years).

Question 25

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A form of jumping in which the landing is accomplished on the leg opposite the propelling leg.

Question 26

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A motor skill best described as consisting of an uneven rhythmical pattern.

Question 27

What do the following sentences refer to :
-During mature running, the performer should flex the elbows to approximately what degree?

Question 28

What do the following sentences refer to :
-In the developmental sequence for the standing long jump (component approach), which step of the arm action component is described as follows:
"Winging Arms. The arms extend backward in a winging posture at takeoff."

Question 29

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Approximate age (in years) at which both boys and girls first begin to perform a skip.

Question 30

What do the following sentences refer to :
-A gallop performed in a sideward direction.

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Best angle of take-off when performing the standing long jump.

Question 32

The mean age of independent walking is 9 months.

Question 33

Authorities suggest that backpacks should not exceed 10% of body weight.

Question 34

In mature running, the heel of the recovery leg should never make contact with the buttock.

Question 35

On average, girls' running speed peaks at about 14 to 15 years of age.

Question 36

The most effective angle of takeoff in horizontal jumping is 35 degrees.

Question 37

Within the arm action component for the takeoff phase of the standing long jump (component approach), a child exhibiting "arm winging" would be at a development level of Step 2.

Question 38

According to research by Isaacs and colleagues (2002) on vertical jump performance, children who performed a countermovement jumped higher than children who did not.

Question 39

The "slide" resembles the "skip" but differs in that the slide is performed in a sideward manner.

Question 40

Boys and girls will generally start to skip between 6 and 7 years of age.

Question 41

Skipping is performed with an uneven rhythmical pattern.