Deck 11: Fine Motor Development

Question 1

Which of the following is true about children who lag in their fine motor performance?

A) They appear messy and unkempt
B) They have poorer social relationships
C) They have poorer gross motor performance
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What does prehension refer to?

A) Grasping
B) Reaching
C) Initial attempts to handwrite
D) Initial attempts to draw

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In his research on children's reaching and grasping, Halverson (1931) found that there appeared to be three basic methods of reaching, with the most immature being which of the following?

A) Sweeping the hand and arm in a backward manner toward the object
B) A scooping approach
C) An indirect, or circuitous, approach from a variety of angles
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In his research on children's reaching and grasping, what did Halverson (1931) find?

A) His youngest subjects could not yet use their thumbs to oppose their fingers.
B) The position of the thumb during the reach often indicated the likelihood of the thumb being used to oppose the fingers.
C) A relatively specific progressive sequence of grasping behavior exists.
D) All of the above

Question 5

In a study by Newell and associates (1989) of the effects of using various sizes of objects with preschool-age and adult subjects, what was found?

A) No differences existed between groups
B) Females at both age levels outperformed males
C) Adults used one hand 60 percent of the time, while children used one hand 38 percent of the time, with object-to-hand-size ratio being a significant factor
D) The younger subjects demonstrated slightly more use of the right hand, indicating that hand dominance is firmly established by age 4

Question 6

Which of the following is the ability to acquire information about objects with the hands, to discriminate and recognize objects from handling them as opposed to looking at them?

A) Reciprocal synergies
B) Haptic perception
C) Sequential patterns
D) Shifting points

Question 7

Based on the research of Newell and associates (1989), more than one thousand combinations of finger and thumb grips are possible, but adult subjects tend to use only about how many?

A) 499
B) 99
C) 49
D) 14

Question 8

Which of the following is a property that can be haptically perceived?

A) Texture
B) Hardness
C) Shape
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 9

In research on haptic perception during infancy, infants were found to show a preference for which of the following?

A) Familiar objects over new ones
B) Heavier objects over lighter
C) Simple patterns over complicated
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 10

What is the first of the three phases of object manipulation during infancy described in our textbook?

A) Simply clutching the object in one's fist
B) Poking or scratching at the object
C) Holding the object in one hand while exploring with the other
D) None of the above

Question 11

In research on fine movement and touch perception in 18 to 65 year old participants, what did researchers find?

A) Age-related declines began at around 45 years of life.
B) Work-related experience delayed the rate of decline.
C) Significant age-related declines appeared for haptic tests.
D) None of the above

Question 12

The position involving all four fingers and the thumb wrapped around a pencil to form a fist is known as which of the following?

A) Pronate grasp
B) Supinate grasp
C) Dynamic tripod
D) Proximodistal

Question 13

Over the age of seven years, which of the following is generally true about girls' handwriting?

A) It is of better quality and faster than boys' writing.
B) It is of better quality, but slower than boys' writing.
C) It is of poorer quality, but faster than boys' writing.
D) It is of poorer quality and slower than boys' writing.

Question 14

Role differentiated bimanual development is:

A) The difference in the rate of grasping development between boys and girls
B) The difference in the rate of grasping development between left and right hands
C) The difference in rate of development in reaching versus grasping development
D) changes in the ability to use one hand holding an object while the other hand moves the object as desired.

Question 15

From which of the following does the handwriting position, or grip, generally develop?

A) The supinate to the pronate to the dynamic tripod
B) The pronate to the supinate to the dynamic tripod
C) The dynamic tripod to the supinate to the pronate
D) The dynamic tripod to the pronate to the supinate

Question 16

Following an in-depth study of millions of children's drawings, what did Kellogg (1969) propose?

A) Drawing is a six-step process
B) The home environment plays a significant role in drawing ability
C) Children cannot scribble before age 3
D) Girls develop drawing skills later than boys do

Question 17

In Kellogg's study of children's drawings (1969), which stage of development is characterized by drawings with increased precision and complexity

A) Manuscript stage
B) Sequential pattern
C) Aggregate stage
D) Pictorial stage

Question 18

In Kellogg's study of children's drawings (1969), in which stage of development does the child not only combine diagrams and figures but does so in combinations of three or more?

A) Manuscript stage
B) Sequential pattern
C) Aggregate stage
D) Pronate pattern

Question 19

By what age have children usually have mastered printing their names?

A) 3.5 years
B) 4.5 years
C) 5.5 years
D) 6.5 years

Question 20

What was found in research examining drawing and tracing ability in adults aged 40 to more than 90 years old?

A) Tracing was less accurate for the older tracers
B) Older tracers were faster
C) Performance was generally stable until approximately 75 years of age
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 21

In research examining the effects of handwriting versus keyboarding for youth more than sixteen years of age, what did researchers conclude?

A) Quality and speed of response were better when handwritten
B) Quality but not the speed of response were better when handwritten
C) The speed but not the quality was better when keyboarded
D) Quality and speed of response were better when keyboarded

Question 22

What do the following sentences refer to :
-those movements predominantly produced by the small muscles or muscle groups of the body.

Question 23

What do the following sentences refer to :
-use of the hands.

Question 24

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a stage of drawing development where the child combines figures and shapes and does so in combinations of three or more.Combine stage - a stage of drawing development that begins with the construction of basic geometric shapes, such as spirals and simple crosses.

Question 25

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a palm- down handwriting position in which the fingers curl around the implement, with the index finger extending the length of the pencil or crayon and pointing toward the point. Supinate grasp - a handwriting position in which all four fingers and the thumb wrap around the pencil to form a fist.

Question 26

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the act of grasping.

Question 27

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the ability to glean information from objects by manipulation.

Question 28

What do the following sentences refer to :
-lateral, alternate, and rubbing motions across an object's surface to detect texture.

Question 29

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the third and final stage of holding a writing or drawing implement.

Question 30

What do the following sentences refer to :
-all four fingers and the thumb wrapped around a writing implement to form a fist.

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-begins with the construction of basic geometric figures like spirals and simple crosses, and evolves into the construction of squares, rectangles, and triangles.

Question 32

Fine motor generally refers to those movements generally produced by the smaller muscles or muscle groups of the body.

Question 33

Fine movement is essential to academic success.

Question 34

Prehension applies specifically to the act of grasping, including the approach, the grasp, and the release of objects.

Question 35

According to Halverson in a classic study on reaching, the most immature form of reaching involved the hand approaching the target object circuitously from a variety of angles.

Question 36

For younger children, the family's higher socioeconomic level was found to positively associate with success on fine motor tasks.

Question 37

Haptic perception is the ability to acquire information about objects by looking at them as opposed to touching them.

Question 38

Haptic perception appears to emerge in a fairly predictable sequence for most people.

Question 39

The mature grasp of a pencil or writing implement is characterized by the thumb, middle finger, and index finger functioning as a tripod for the implement.

Question 40

According to Kellogg, the aggregate stage of children's drawing is characterized by construction of basic geometric shapes such as spirals and circles evolving into squares, rectangles, and triangles in combination to form shapes like houses or other familiar objects.

Question 41

Role differentiated bimanual manipulation is the study of early reaching grasping with an emphasis on the difference between boys and girls.