Deck 6: Political Geography: A Divided World

Question 1

According to Gearóid Ó Tuathail, which type of geography is about "power, an ever-changing map revealing the struggle over borders, space, and authority"?

A) political geography
B) ethnic geography
C) geodemography
D) religious geography

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Geographers talk about the world's "states," which many people also refer to as:

A) countries
B) kingdoms
C) emirates
D) provinces

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries is a:

A) nation
B) exclave
C) state
D) heartland

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The modern international system depends upon states recognizing one another's:

A) supranationalism
B) ethnocentrism
C) sovereignty
D) territorial morphology

Question 5

Which is NOT a part of the modern definition of a state as geographers define it?

A) a semiautonomous region within a larger country
B) an independent political unit
C) centralized authority
D) bounded territory

Question 6

One cause of conflict in the Middle East is some groups' denial of Israel's:

A) nationalism
B) theocracy
C) religion
D) sovereignty

Question 7

Independent countries such as Canada, Myanmar, and the Czech Republic are tangible evidence of:

A) sovereignty
B) universality
C) nationalism
D) marchlands

Question 8

The strategy used by individuals or groups to control an area of land is called:

A) authoritarianism
B) territoriality
C) instinctive territorial imperative
D) territorial ideology

Question 9

Which continent is composed of 12 different countries, or states?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Asia
D) Africa

Question 10

Which continent is composed of 55 different countries, or states?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Asia
D) Africa

Question 11

How many states is the Australian continent home to?

A) one
B) three
C) six
D) eighteen

Question 12

Which of the following continents is home to the fewest states?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Asia
D) Africa

Question 13

Which of the following continents is home to the most states?

A) Africa
B) South America
C) North America
D) Australia

Question 14

Which term reflects the need to belong to a larger group that controls its own piece of the Earth?

A) jingoism
B) territoriality
C) ethnocentrism
D) cultural placeism

Question 15

According to Robert Sack, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A) Territoriality is a cultural strategy.
B) The practice of marking territorial borders originated in Asia.
C) The modern territorial state emerged in sixteenth-century Europe.
D) The modern state diffused around the globe by way of colonialism.

Question 16

The area where national cultures overlap and blend is called:

A) a borderland
B) a state
C) a territory
D) a frontier

Question 17

A nation-state is an independent country that:

A) includes at least one exclave
B) has only one official language
C) is dominated by a relatively homogeneous cultural group
D) is not a member of any economic union, such as the EU or ASEAN

Question 18

Which state configuration is considered one of the most difficult to govern?

A) exclave
B) compact
C) elongated
D) circular

Question 19

National governance is easier when a country is:

A) pene-enclave
B) elongated
C) compact
D) protruded

Question 20

The configuration of a national territory that minimizes the amount of border to be defended is:

A) pene-enclave
B) elongated
C) compact
D) heartland

Question 21

Which country comes closest to the "ideal" hexagonal configuration of a national territory?

A) Indonesia
B) Brazil
C) Uruguay
D) the United States

Question 22

Which territory comes closest to the "ideal" hexagonal configuration of a national territory?

A) France
B) Belgium
C) Australia
D) Germany

Question 23

Which is NOT a narrow, elongated country?

A) Norway
B) The Gambia
C) Chile
D) France

Question 24

Lesotho is best described as a(n):

A) pene-enclave
B) exclave
C) enclave
D) perforated state

Question 25

Lesotho, a country totally surrounded by South Africa, is what type of political entity?

A) enclave
B) exclave
C) pene-enclave
D) elongated state

Question 26

An intrusive piece of territory with a small outlet is a(n):

A) pene-enclave
B) elongated state
C) compact state
D) protruded territory

Question 27

The Gambia is an example of a(n):

A) enclave
B) elongated state
C) pene-enclave
D) exclave

Question 28

Kaliningrad is an example of a(n):

A) enclave
B) elongated state
C) pene-enclave
D) exclave

Question 29

-On the map, an example of a state with a compact national territory like France is:

A) Brazil
B) Argentina
C) Canada
D) Indonesia

Question 30

-As shown on the map, the Kaliningrad district of Russia is best described as a(n):

A) enclave
B) pene-enclave
C) perforated state
D) exclave

Question 31

Which is NOT an example of an elongated country?

A) Finland
B) Chile
C) Norway
D) Botswana

Question 32

Prior to 1971, Bangladesh was a(n) __________ of Pakistan.

A) buffer state
B) satellite state
C) pene-enclave
D) exclave

Question 33

Prior to independence, Bangladesh was an exclave of:

A) Senegal
B) India
C) Pakistan
D) Thailand

Question 34

Alaska and the territory formerly known as East Pakistan are examples of:

A) nation-states
B) independent states
C) enclaves
D) exclaves

Question 35

Which state is composed of many islands and has been challenged by secessionist movements?

A) Indonesia
B) Russia
C) Samoa
D) Brazil

Question 36

Which factor does NOT pose a governance problem in multi-island countries?

A) secessionist tendencies or separatist movements
B) different monetary systems
C) difficulties in transportation
D) administrative problems exacerbated by communication lags

Question 37

In the case of East Pakistan and West Pakistan, the exclaves were an undesirable political condition for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) West Pakistan hoarded the country's wealth.
B) They were ethnically different, a source of conflict between the two parts of Pakistan.
C) They were separated by nearly 1000 miles.
D) The people of East Pakistan had much more political power than the people of West Pakistan.

Question 38

The first new sovereign state of the twenty-first century was:

A) Lesotho
B) Swaziland
C) Timor-Leste
D) Kaliningrad

Question 39

A small and weak independent country lying between two powerful, potentially belligerent countries is a:

A) pene-enclave
B) marchland
C) buffer state
D) heartland

Question 40

Which country has NOT been involved in secessionist movements or wars in recent years?

A) Sudan
B) Spain
C) Brazil
D) Iraq

Question 41

Nepal and Mongolia are both examples of:

A) satellite states
B) pene-enclaves
C) buffer states
D) supranational states

Question 42

Which buffer state lies between Russia and China?

A) Nepal
B) Kathmandu
C) Mongolia
D) Kazakhstan

Question 43

Which buffer state lies between India and China?

A) Nepal
B) Kathmandu
C) Mongolia
D) Kazakhstan

Question 44

Nepal can be classified as a(n):

A) buffer state
B) satellite state
C) marchland
D) exclave

Question 45

When the Soviet Union existed, Mongolia was independent but essentially controlled by the Soviet government. At that time, Mongolia was a(n):

A) buffer state
B) satellite state
C) marchland
D) exclave

Question 46

The Rio Grande and Pyrenees are examples of:

A) satellite states
B) natural boundaries
C) ethnographic boundaries
D) geometric boundaries

Question 47

When a buffer state is taken over by a neighboring country, the buffer state becomes a(n):

A) enclave
B) perforated state
C) satellite state
D) natural boundary

Question 48

The border that divides India from predominantly Islamic Pakistan is a good example of a(n):

A) geometric boundary
B) natural boundary
C) perforated boundary
D) ethnographic boundary

Question 49

Some of the states in the western United States-such as Colorado and Wyoming-are known as the "square states." The squareness of their borders is a good example of:

A) geometric boundaries
B) relic boundaries
C) ethnographic boundaries
D) federal boundaries

Question 50

The United States boundary between Texas and Mexico follows the Rio Grande. This is an example of what type of boundary?

A) geometric
B) autocratic
C) fragmented
D) natural

Question 51

A boundary drawn on the basis of a cultural trait is a(n):

A) relic boundary
B) unitary boundary
C) ethnographic boundary
D) supranational boundary

Question 52

Perfectly straight lines drawn without regard for physical or cultural features of the area are known as:

A) relic boundaries
B) unitary boundaries
C) supranational boundaries
D) geometric boundaries

Question 53

Switzerland is organized into regions called cantons based on linguistic differences. The boundaries of these cantons are:

A) geometric
B) linguistic
C) ethnographic
D) natural

Question 54

The boundary between North Dakota and South Dakota is what kind of border?

A) ethnographic
B) geometric
C) marchland
D) natural

Question 55

A system in which power is concentrated centrally, with little or no provincial authority, is described as:

A) relic
B) unitary
C) supranational
D) federal

Question 56

Which is NOT a federal state?

A) Canada
B) the United States
C) Australia
D) France

Question 57

A geographically expressive political system that acknowledges the existence of regional cultural differences and provides the mechanisms by which various regions can maintain individual characteristics is described as:

A) relic
B) unitary
C) supranational
D) federal

Question 58

Native American reservations in the United States are best described as:

A) semiautonomous enclaves
B) exclaves
C) independent states
D) elongated tribal states

Question 59

Which is NOT true of Native American reservations in the United States?

A) They are semiautonomous enclaves within the United States.
B) They are legally sanctioned political territories.
C) The land within them is owned exclusively by Native Americans.
D) They have certain rights to self-government that may differ from the local surrounding authorities.

Question 60

Which country is NOT a federal state?

A) the United States
B) China
C) Switzerland
D) Canada

Question 61

Factors that promote national unity and solidarity are known as:

A) irredentism
B) imperialism
C) centrifugal forces
D) centripetal forces

Question 62

National languages, national museums, and national monuments are all:

A) centripetal forces
B) centrifugal forces
C) push factors
D) pull factors

Question 63

In Canada, the people of Québec have a sense of unity based on their common French heritage, and many Francophones desire separation from Canada. The undermining of Canada's national integrity is an example of what?

A) centripetal force
B) centrifugal force
C) guerrilla movement
D) insurgency action

Question 64

According to John Agnew, the two world wars of the twentieth century were caused primarily by:

A) colonialism
B) nationalism
C) wealth disparity
D) technological development

Question 65

Which state has NOT seen an ethnic cleansing in the last 100 years?

A) Mexico
B) Germany
C) Rwanda
D) Sudan

Question 66

What state became independent in 2011?

A) Timor-Leste
B) Brunei
C) South Sudan
D) the Republic of Ireland

Question 67

The state of South Sudan was created as a result of which process?

A) hierarchical diffusion
B) territorial fission
C) exclave exclusion
D) supranationalism

Question 68

The deliberate use of the redistricting process to encourage a desired election outcome is called:

A) hierarchical diffusion
B) gerrymandering
C) reapportionment
D) subdivision

Question 69

What is the advantage of using a cartogram to represent whether a state voted red or blue?

A) It gives preference to states with larger areas.
B) It provides insight into where cities are located that voted blue.
C) It is sized in proportion to the population of the state.
D) It shows the number of voters per square mile.

Question 70

In which country was Google's search engine modified to match the government's censorship laws?

A) Australia
B) Germany
C) China
D) India

Question 71

During the Arab Spring, which country did NOT completely sever its residents' Internet connections?

A) Syria
B) Egypt
C) Libya
D) Tunisia

Question 72

The westward expansion of American influence during the colonial area and the expansion of Paris as political and economic power was consolidated in the city are examples of:

A) political innovation
B) diffusion of political authority
C) colonialism
D) displacement

Question 73

When countries voluntarily give up some portion of their independence to gain the advantages of a closer economic or political association with other countries, it is known as:

A) imperialism
B) irredentism
C) supranationalism
D) federalism

Question 74

-According to the map, the countries that belong to the Arab League are centered in:

A) South Asia
B) Southeast Asia
C) Europe
D) North Africa and Southwest Asia

Question 75

-On the map, which European country is conspicuously missing from the European Union?

A) Finland
B) France
C) Greece
D) Norway

Question 76

-On the map, almost all of the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States border:

A) the Middle East
B) Russia
C) the Maghreb
D) China

Question 77

Canada, Mexico, and the United States are all members of:

A) ASEAN
B) the Arab League
C) the EU
D) NAFTA

Question 78

Which supranational organization does NOT represent the vestige of a collapsed empire?

A) the British Commonwealth
B) the French Community
C) the Commonwealth of Independent States
D) the European Union

Question 79

Which supranational organization is the MOST cohesive and organized?

A) the European Union
B) the Arab League
C) the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
D) the Commonwealth of Independent States

Question 80

The Commonwealth of Independent States is a vestige of which former empire?

A) British
B) French
C) Russian
D) Spanish