Deck 10: Understanding Past Settlement and Subsistence

Question 1

What did archaeologists find that was unusual among the ancient peoples of Tasmania about 3,500 years ago?

A) the people migrated back to Australia
B) the people suddenly stopped fishing
C) the people stopped cutting down trees
D) the people moved away from coastal areas

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What gender roles did archaeologists uncover about the ancient people of Tasmania?

A) men fished and women tended fields of grain
B) no difference in gender roles
C) men herded domestic animals and women tended fields of grain
D) men hunted on land and women harvested from the sea

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The manner in which a particular group organized its settlements and occupied its geographic space is called its ________.

A) settlement pattern
B) seasonal round
C) ubiquity
D) fusion-fusion pattern

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The timing and movement of hunter-gatherers or pastoralists across the landscape is called a ________.

A) fusion-fusion pattern
B) sedentary settlement
C) seasonal round
D) seasonal transhumance

Question 5

In analyzing the settlement archaeology of a site archaeologists study four major components: the dating or age of the site, site structure, site function, and _________.

A) season of occupation
B) gender roles of occupants
C) distances between similar sites
D) site depth

Question 6

The study of prehistoric populations is called ________

A) paleodemography
B) bioanthropology
C) catchment analysis
D) settlement impact

Question 7

The settlement pattern in which only one segment of the population moves with their animals seasonally while the rest of the population stays in one place is called ________.

A) fusion-fusion pattern
B) sedentary settlement
C) seasonal round
D) seasonal transhumance

Question 8

The study of where the materials found in a site were obtained, how much of an effort was necessary to procure them, and how that procurement affected settlement patterns is called _________.

A) paleodemography
B) bioanthropology
C) catchment analysis
D) settlement archaeology

Question 9

The presence of articulated fish skeletons in the midden at La Quinta indicated that the fish ________.

A) were not locally caught
B) were likely filleted before eaten
C) were being used seasonally
D) were very large

Question 10

It is difficult to understand a subsistence system in the absence of ________ data because site type and location reveal a great deal about how an economic system was structured, how it functioned, and how it changed over time

A) ecofactual
B) seasonal
C) settlement
D) migratory

Question 11

What are the remains of animals found at a site called?

A) paleofeces
B) faunal remains
C) botanical remains
D) palaeoethnobotany

Question 12

All of the following are examples of botanical remains except for ________.

A) pollen
B) seeds
C) charcoal
D) polyvinyl

Question 13

The four primary subsistence systems are hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoralism, and ________.

A) apiculture
B) foraging
C) tree harvesting
D) intensive agriculture

Question 14

About 5,000 years ago a major staple for native California groups was ________.

A) acorns
B) maize
C) cactus
D) rabbit

Question 15

Specialists who study faunal remains are called ________.

A) palaeobotanists
B) zooarchaeologists
C) palynologists
D) osteopaths

Question 16

A low-intensity system of food production using domesticated plants, such as yams, grown in small fields or gardens using only human labor is called ________.

A) intensive agriculture
B) foraging
C) pastoralism
D) horticulture

Question 17

The inhabitants of urban centers are most likely to depend upon which of the following subsistence systems?

A) intensive agriculture
B) foraging
C) pastoralism
D) horticulture

Question 18

Foragers are also known as ________.

A) pastoralists
B) hunters and gatherers
C) herders
D) horticulturalists

Question 19

Quantitative methods used to measure botanical remains include all of the following except for ________.

A) absolute counts and weights
B) various ratios
C) flotation
D) ubiquity

Question 20

One of the most commonly used measures of quantification for faunal remains is ________.

A) minimum number of individuals (MNI)
B) estimates of species diversity from counts and weights
C) fragmentation effect
D) ubiquity

Question 21

Because of new understanding of settlement patterns, archaeologists now believe that large Maya ceremonial sites were located in _________.

A) areas with small local populations
B) a regional area of no towns
C) areas with no local population
D) cities with large urban populations

Question 22

What revolutionary technique do archaeologists use to separate botanical remains from a soil sample?

A) catchment analysis
B) flotation
C) seriation
D) ubiquity

Question 23

What do archaeologists learn from studying the settlement patterns of a group of ancient people?

Question 24

Discuss the four major components of settlement pattern analysis.

Question 25

Describe the basic characteristics of the four primary subsistence systems for ancient people.

Question 26

How did the gradual adoption of agriculture change early human societies?

Question 27

What is the difference between using NISP and MNI for quantifying ecofactual remains?