Deck 24: The Strategies of Prevention and Rehabilitation

Question 1

In their discussion of the history of prevention and rehabilitation efforts in the United States, Agnew and Brezina indicate that _________ has been the major goal of the juvenile justice system from its inception in the 1800s to the 1970s.

A) prevention
B) rehabilitation
C) deterrence
D) incapacitation
E) accountability

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The War on Poverty, implemented in the 1960s, was designed to reduce delinquency by:

A) increasing direct control
B) increasing indirect control
C) reducing strain
D) increasing the social learning of conventional behavior

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Rehabilitation began to fall out of favor during the 1970s, in part because of the:

A) "Martinson Report"
B) rise in juvenile crime rates
C) increase in conservatism
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The most effective prevention and rehabilitation programs:

A) attempt to target the causes of delinquency that are most relevant to the group being treated
B) employ unstructured counseling sessions, where juveniles discuss a wide range of issues
C) try to increase the juvenile's level of self-esteem
D) focus on the one factor that is an important cause of delinquency
E) all of the above

Question 5

Well-designed and -implemented rehabilitation programs can reduce rates of delinquency anywhere from:

A) 10% to 20%
B) 20% to 50%
C) 50% to 75%
D) 75% to 100%

Question 6

In trying to change the behavior of individuals, many successful rehabilitation programs employ a(n) ___________ approach.

A) psychoanalytic
B) emotional awareness
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) interactive
E) information dissemination

Question 7

One of the major challenges faced by policy makers in implementing good prevention and rehabilitation programs is that:

A) their intensive nature makes large-scale implementation difficult
B) they are less effective when run in the community
C) they try to focus on all or most of the major causes of delinquency in a group rather than focus on only the most important cause of delinquency
D) all of the above

Question 8

Early family intervention programs often target:

A) members of religious congregations
B) large families
C) families in which both parents work outside the home
D) parents of premature or low-birth-weight babies
E) none of the above

Question 9

Early family intervention programs address the causes of delinquency by:

A) attempting to reduce a child's exposure to biological harm
B) helping reduce parental stress
C) providing parents information on good parenting
D) providing educational child care
E) all of the above

Question 10

In parenting training programs, parents are encouraged to:

A) do fun things with their families
B) make more use of positive reinforcers
C) develop behavioral contracts with their adolescent children
D) better monitor their children's behaviors
E) all of the above

Question 11

Rehabilitation programs that alter the classroom environment attempt to:

A) improve classroom performance
B) improve relations with teachers and classmates
C) increase school attachment
D) all of the above

Question 12

A common technique used in anger management programs is to encourage juveniles to:

A) keep a diary about the things that make them angry and their responses to that anger
B) associate with conventional peers
C) become involved in their community through volunteer work
D) release their anger by hitting inanimate objects
E) get involved in a competitive sport

Question 13

Some rehabilitation programs attempt to reduce delinquency by breaking up delinquent peer groups or gangs. A favorite strategy used to break up these groups or gangs is:

A) mediation
B) police suppression
C) information dissemination
D) mentoring
E) vocational training

Question 14

"Target-hardening," "target removal," and "formal surveillance" are techniques used in __________ programs.

A) supervised recreational
B) peer/gang suppression
C) community crime prevention
D) situational crime prevention
E) vocational training

Question 15

The social forces that have the greatest effect on crime and delinquency are those of a (an) ________ nature.

A) religious
B) political
C) economic
D) conservative
E) liberal

Question 16

Although the juvenile justice system places much emphasis on rehabilitation in theory:

A) juvenile offenders are often too poor to obtain such rehabilitation in practice
B) juvenile offenders often do not receive effective rehabilitation programs in practice
C) juvenile offenders often are subject to prevention efforts rather than rehabilitation
D) none of the above

Question 17

Effective prevention and rehabilitation programs attempt to:

A) reduce strain or the tendency to respond to strain with crime
B) reduce the social learning of crime
C) reduce negative labeling
D) all of the above

Question 18

Researchers who reviewed evaluations of prevention and rehabilitation programs all noticed one major problem:

A) most prevention and rehabilitation programs randomly assigned juveniles to the treatment and control groups
B) most prevention and rehabilitation programs had not been properly evaluated
C) most prevention and rehabilitation programs conducted long-term follow-ups
D) all of the above

Question 19

Overall, the reviews of prevention and rehabilitation programs find that:

A) some programs are effective at reducing delinquency
B) some programs have little effect on delinquency
C) some programs actually increase delinquency
D) all of the above

Question 20

Multisystemic therapy (MST) is an intervention that targets:

A) serious juvenile offenders
B) less serious juvenile offenders
C) only juvenile offenders who are currently on probation
D) only juvenile offenders who have been incarcerated

Question 21

Identify the characteristics that distinguish strategies of prevention/rehabilitation from those of deterrence/incapacitation.

Question 22

Use strain theory to explain why many believed that the "War on Poverty" would reduce delinquency.

Question 23

Agnew and Brezina state that prevention programs have never played a major role in delinquency control efforts. Discuss two objections that people raise about prevention programs.

Question 24

From its inception in the 1800s, rehabilitation was the guiding philosophy of the juvenile justice system. Discuss reasons why rehabilitation fell out of favor beginning in the 1970s.

Question 25

List three reasons why most rehabilitation and prevention programs have not been properly evaluated (i.e., how have researchers failed to follow the proper procedures for evaluation research?).

Question 26

Describe four general characteristics of effective prevention and rehabilitation programs.

Question 27

Outline an adolescent drug prevention or rehabilitation program that incorporates the six general characteristics of effective prevention and rehabilitation programs.

Question 28

Design a program to reduce peer bullying using the cognitive-behavioral approach.

Question 29

Discuss two reasons why rehabilitation programs are more effective when run in the community rather than in institutions.

Question 30

Use the major delinquency theories to explain why prevention/rehabilitation programs are more effective when counselors have a warm but firm relationship with juveniles.

Question 31

Explain how prevention programs that focus on the early family environment address three of the most important causes of delinquency.

Question 32

Describe how programs attempt to rehabilitate former gang members (e.g., the House of Umoja in Philadelphia). Are these programs likely to be successful? Explain.

Question 33

Identify characteristics of effective preschool programs that can both improve school performance and reduce delinquency.

Question 34

Describe ways that changing the school environment can positively affect school factors associated with delinquency.

Question 35

List the five steps used in effective problem-solving programs and explain how, when followed, they help reduce delinquency.

Question 36

Identify the features common to anger management programs and explain why each helps to reduce delinquency.

Question 37

Agnew and Brezina discuss three types of programs focusing on peers/gangs. Identify two types and, for each, describe the strategies used to reduce delinquency.

Question 38

Explain how mentoring programs are designed to reduce delinquency.

Question 39

Design a prevention program that reduces the likelihood that juveniles will join delinquent peer groups. Specify key components of the program and explain how these will operate to reduce delinquency. Explain how the program could be implemented effectively.

Question 40

What is the primary difference between prevention programs and rehabilitation programs?

Question 41

Why in the past few years has there been a renewed interest in prevention and rehabilitation?

Question 42

What is multisystemic therapy (MST)? Is MST effective?

Question 43

One of the most popular antigang education programs is GREAT, or Gang Resistance Education and Training. What are the components of this program? Is this program effective?

Question 44

Discuss parent training programs. What are the major components of these programs? Are these programs effective?