Deck 13: Quantitative Data Analysis

Question 1

Which of the following is the most frequently used confidence level?

A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Answer 1

D

Question 2

______ statistics allow researchers to summarize their data.

A) Descriptive
B) Restrictive
C) Referential
D) Differential

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Researchers use ______ statistics to estimate a parameter and to determine whether the results of statistical tests can be generalized to that population.

A) referential
B) differential
C) inferential
D) restrictive

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Descriptive univariate analyses are used to ______ the data related to a specific variable of interest.

A) gather
B) compare
C) describe

Question 5

Conducting descriptive univariate analyses is the ______ step in any data analysis plan.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 6

When comparing the different scores of an intervention on two different groups, it is helpful to determine the ______.

A) frequency distribution
B) effect size
C) measures of central tendency
D) variability

Question 7

A ______ shows the researcher the number of observations in each category of the variable of interest.

A) frequency distribution
B) measure of group differences
C) measure of central tendency
D) variability frequency

Question 8

In a frequency distribution, the variable being described is measured at which level of measurement?

A) numerical
B) categorial
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 9

The most commonly conducted correlation analysis is the Pearson's ______.

A) revelation
B) causation
C) reaction
D) correlation

Question 10

The closer the coefficient is to ______, the stronger the relationship is between the two variables.

A) 1 and 10
B) +1 and −1
C) 1 and −10
D) +1 and 1

Question 11

To analyze quantitative data, each variable must first be assigned a numerical value. This process is known as ______.

A) verifying
B) coding
C) analyzing
D) labeling

Question 12

When values for a variable in a study accumulate on either side of the normal curve, you are describing ______.

A) graphing
B) analysis
C) skewness
D) outliers

Question 13

A(n) ______ is a data point within your data that does not follow the usual pattern of all the other data points in your data.

A) variable point
B) outlier
C) deviation
D) skewed distribution

Question 14

Which of the following is the SPSS symbol for an extreme outlier?

A) +
B) ×
C) *
D) @

Question 15

When a linear relationship is shown in SPSS, drawing a line between the dots on a scatterplot should form what?

A) a bell-curve
B) a scattered set of dots
C) a straight line
D) an incline, peak point, then a decline

Question 16

When values for a variable in a study that accumulate outside the normal curve are described as heavy-tailed or light-tailed, this is known as ______.

A) correlation
B) abnormalities
C) outliers
D) kurtosis

Question 17

To determine the average income level for a community, you must find the ______.

A) mean
B) mode
C) median
D) range

Question 18

The point at which half of a variable's distribution is above and below the average refers to the ______.

A) mean
B) mode
C) median
D) range

Question 19

If the data are to be displayed in a contingency table in SPSS, each cell must have at least a frequency of ______.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Question 20

If you are subtracting the lowest value in a variable distribution from the highest value, you are calculating the variable's ______.

A) mean
B) mode
C) median
D) range

Question 21

Determining the strength of the association is done by conducting the Cramer's ______ test.

A) q
B) r
C) v
D) m

Question 22

A multiple regression analysis is appropriate to use when you have more than one independent variable, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio, and ______ dependent variable(s), which is/are interval or ratio.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 23

To find the distance of a variable value from the mean in a variable distribution, you would calculate the ______.

A) variation
B) standard deviation
C) outlier
D) frequency

Question 24

Which of the following is an appropriate research question to be answered using a simultaneous multiple regression analysis?

A) Do third graders prefer the color blue to the color red?
B) Do women prefer chocolate ice cream over vanilla ice cream?
C) Does parental monitoring and social support predict community violence exposure?
D) Does offering free parking increase the attendance at a concert?

Question 25

The purpose of a simultaneous multiple regression analysis is to determine which independent variable predicts the ______ variable.

A) independent
B) confounding
C) dependent
D) categorical

Question 26

At least how many assumptions of multiple regression analysis must be met to produce valid results?

A) three
B) five
C) six
D) nine

Question 27

When data values of a variable have approximately the same scatter, you are testing for the statistical assumption of ______.

A) homoscedasticity
B) dependency
C) relationship
D) outliers

Question 28

If there are multiple significant outliers in multiple regression analysis, what does this indicate to a researcher?

A) The research topic is strongly flawed and the research should be recompleted.
B) Many of the study subjects likely lied during the research process.
C) It will be very difficult to accurately predict the value of the dependent variable.
D) The researcher made a mistake collecting data.

Question 29

When using multiple regression analysis, what can a researcher do if the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable is not linear in multiple regression analysis?

A) conduct a nonlinear regression analysis
B) assess a single construct
C) delete one of the independent variables
D) conduct an outlier test

Question 30

Which of the following is a type of t-test?

A) interdependent-sample
B) independent-sample
C) codependent-sample
D) comorbid-sample

Question 31

If the independent variables in your study are too correlated to one another, you run the risk of violating the statistical assumption of ______.

A) interdependence
B) absence of multicollinearity
C) codependence
D) absence of outliers

Question 32

Before conducting the independent-sample t-test, one must ensure that the ______ required for this analysis are met.

A) rules
B) plans
C) assumptions
D) structure

Question 33

To effectively use nominal variables in multiple regression analysis, what do you need to do to the variables?

A) replace them
B) organize them
C) analysis coding
D) dummy coding

Question 34

If you reject the null hypothesis when in reality the null hypothesis is true, you are making a Type II error.

Question 35

An assumption for indepedent-sample t-Tests is that the variances for the dependent variable should be equal within each group of the independent variable, when the standard deviation for each group is approximately double.

Question 36

The mean and the median of a variable's distribution are always the same.

Question 37

The absence of multicollinearity refers to independent variables being too highly correlated.

Question 38

An appropriate research question to be answered using a one-way ANOVA would be as follows: "Are there differences in the anxiety scores between African American, Hispanic, and Asian females?"

Question 39

What does a significant F value associated with a one-way ANOVA test tell a researcher?

Question 40

When is a MANOVA analysis appropriate to use?

Question 41

Why is it a bad idea to remove data to make the results seem better?

Question 42

Explain the differences in Type I and Type II errors using pregnancy test results as an example.

Question 43

Students in a social work statistics class took a mid-term exam and received the following scores out of 100 total points: 75, 80, 95, 60, 80, 90, 90, 90, and 75
For these data, calculate the mean, median, mode, and range.