Deck 11: Sampling

Question 1

______ refers to the strategies used to select a given number of individuals or things from a population.

A) Test grouping
B) Sampling
C) Accessible population
D) Accessible sampling

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The ______ is all the individuals or things the researcher is interested in for their study.

A) population
B) sampling
C) accessible population
D) accessible sampling

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If you want to create a list of all those who are accessible to be included in a sample, you would create a(n) ______.

A) sampling frame
B) snowball sample
C) interlocking quota
D) noninterlocking quota

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The unit of ______ is what you are comparing in the study.

A) measurement
B) sampling
C) population
D) analysis

Question 5

Which of the following will help a researcher ensure random selection in a sampling frame?

A) survey
B) assigned seating
C) waiting list
D) lottery

Question 6

Chantel is a social work intern who wants to conduct research at her internship agency. Which type of sampling does this describe?

A) probability
B) convenience
C) nonprobability
D) deductive reasoning

Question 7

A ______ sample is one that closely matches the population from which it was drawn.

A) representative
B) probability
C) nonprobability
D) deductive

Question 8

With ______ sampling, it is unknown what the chance was that an individual was selected.

A) representative
B) probability
C) nonprobability
D) deductive

Question 9

______ sampling seeks to produce a representative sample.

A) Representative
B) Probability
C) Nonprobability
D) Deductive

Question 10

______ sampling allows the results of a researcher's study to be generalized to the population from which the sample was drawn.

A) Representative
B) Probability
C) Nonprobability
D) Deductive

Question 11

Typically, researchers using ______ sampling use their judgment about which characteristics of the sample are needed to address the study's goal.

A) representative
B) probability
C) nonprobability
D) deductive

Question 12

Javier wants to learn about the most needed services his social work agency should offer to help those who are homeless. What type of sampling should he conduct to speak to as many people who are homeless as possible?

A) purposive
B) systematic
C) stratified
D) cluster

Question 13

A lottery is one method of ______ sampling.

A) random
B) systematic random
C) stratified
D) cluster

Question 14

Which step is needed to create a random sample?

A) assign numbers to each individual in the sampling frame
B) assign categories to each researcher
C) analyze the data
D) create individual sampling clusters

Question 15

______ sampling involves the researcher selecting the first person to be in the sample based on a random starting point and then selecting the remainder of the sample based on a fixed sampling interval.

A) Random
B) Systematic random
C) Stratified
D) Cluster

Question 16

Tarek wants to better understand the reasons people voted for the winning candidate in the 2016 presidential election. If Tarek only wants to speak to Republicans, he would be engaging in what type of sampling?

A) probability
B) representative
C) criterion
D) snowball

Question 17

Danielle wants to learn more about those who struggle with addictions to opioids in her community. Because it is challenging to find people who want to discuss this topic, Danielle asks each person she interviews to recommend another person she can interview. Which sampling technique is Danielle using?

A) snowball
B) probability
C) representative
D) criterion

Question 18

Selection ______ can reduce the validity of the inferences you want to draw from inferential statistical tests.

A) strategies
B) bias
C) sampling
D) validity

Question 19

Which type of sampling seeks to reduce selection bias in the sample being studied?

A) replacement
B) random
C) nonreplacement
D) reaction

Question 20

If a researcher is told to sample 200 females and 300 males between the ages of 45 and 60, what type of sampling is being used?

A) random
B) quota
C) stratified
D) cluster

Question 21

What kind of variable can have a hidden effect on your experiment's outcome causing you to incorrectly infer a spurious correlation?

A) confounding
B) reacting
C) sampling
D) intentional

Question 22

Michael found that ice cream sales and crime rates were highly correlated to each other. Michael concluded that ice cream sales caused high crime. What mistake is Michael making?

A) a spurious correlation
B) a sampling quota
C) incorrect sampling size
D) causation

Question 23

Which of the following sampling methods involves representing the major characteristics of a population by sampling an equal amount of each?

A) convenience sampling
B) purposive sampling
C) criterion sampling
D) proportional quota sampling

Question 24

If the researcher wants the sample size of each subgroup to be proportional in its representation to the population, which type of stratified sampling strategy should they use?

A) disproportional
B) proportional
C) reactive
D) neutral

Question 25

Which type of sampling method specifies a minimum number of sampled units for a particular category?

A) nonproportional quota sampling
B) proportional quota sampling
C) probability sampling
D) nonprobability sampling

Question 26

Jorge is conducting a customer feedback survey that uses each quota separately. Which type of quota is Jorge using?

A) proportional sampling
B) sampling
C) noninterlocking
D) interlocking

Question 27

Pedro is creating a client feedback survey for his social work agency and his sample quota consists of age and household composition. Which type of quota is Pedro using?

A) proportional sampling
B) snowball
C) noninterlocking
D) interlocking

Question 28

Which type of sampling is best to use when a sample is difficult to access?

A) noninterlocking
B) interlocking
C) proportional
D) snowball

Question 29

How is a two-stage cluster different from a one-stage cluster?

A) A one-stage cluster just chooses clusters and a two-stage cluster chooses a sample from every selected cluster.
B) A one-stage cluster is for 1-9 clusters, a two-stage cluster is for 10+ clusters.
C) A two-stage cluster just chooses clusters and a one-stage cluster chooses a sample from every selected cluster.
D) A one-stage cluster is for one researcher, a two-stage cluster is for studies where there are multiple researchers.

Question 30

Which of the following is an advantage of cluster sampling?

A) It is appropriate when the target population is narrowly dispersed geographically.
B) It is less expensive than other sampling methods.
C) It is appropriate when the target population is widely dispersed geographically.
D) It requires less work to obtain the sample.

Question 31

Which type of sampling is best used when there are few resources to conduct a study at an agency?

A) snowball
B) noninterlocking
C) interlocking
D) convenience

Question 32

Sampling ______ is produced by using sampling strategies that overrepresent a portion of the study population.

A) bias
B) error
C) fallacy
D) reaction

Question 33

Nonsampling error is due to the ______ between those who responded to the survey and those who did not and how the survey was administered.

A) difference
B) similarity
C) uniformity
D) bias

Question 34

When a researcher does not acknowledge other variables that can influence a relationship between two variables, what might result?

A) a null hypothesis
B) proof of concept
C) a spurious correlation
D) outliers

Question 35

A power analysis allows researchers to determine the sample size required to produce a given effect size.

Question 36

A disadvantage of a proportional stratified sampling strategy is that you need to have incomplete data on the variable used to stratify the sample on everyone in the population.

Question 37

Sampling with replacement involves, for example, selecting a number from a participant from a hat, including the participant associated with the number in the sample, and then putting the number back in the hat so that it can be selected again.

Question 38

Social work researchers must take into consideration how the sampling strategies used in their research might present ethical dilemmas.

Question 39

There are standard guidelines for the remuneration of participants.

Question 40

What are at least three factors researchers should consider when choosing a sampling method?

Question 41

How can a researcher avoid spurious associations when conducting research?

Question 42

What is the main risk involved when using a convenience sample?

Question 43

How should social workers prepare to engage diversity and difference in practice?

Question 44

What are some strategies researchers can use to diversify their sample?