Question 1

What is the normal adult breathing rate at rest?&#10;A) 12-18&#10;B) 6-10&#10;C) 15-25&#10;D) 20-25

Accepted Answer

The normal adult breathing rate at rest is typically between 12 to 18 breaths per minute.

Question 2

Type 1 respiratory failure is characterised by ______ A) Hypoxaemia with high CO₂ levels (hypercapnia) B) Hypoxaemia with normal or low levels of CO₂(hypocapnia) C) Normal oxygen levels with low CO₂ levels (hypocapnia) D) Normal oxygen levels with high CO₂ levels (hypercapnia)

Accepted Answer

Type 1 respiratory failure is characterized by hypoxaemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood) with normal or low levels of CO2 (carbon dioxide), which is referred to as hypocapnia.

Question 3

Which statement is correct?&#10;A) A person with a tracheostomy does not require artificial humidification&#10;B) A person with an endotracheal tube does not require artificial humidification&#10;C) A person receiving oxygen therapy via a face mask does not require humidification&#10;D) Insertion of an artificial airway disrupts the normal humidification of the airway

Accepted Answer

Insertion of an artificial airway, such as a tracheostomy or an endotracheal tube, bypasses the natural humidifying functions of the nose and mouth. This disruption necessitates artificial humidification to prevent drying and damage to the airway tissues.

Question 4

All people with an endotracheal tube ______&#10;A) Should not receive oral hygiene&#10;B) Must receive rigorous oral hygiene at least twice a day&#10;C) Does not require a nasogastric tube&#10;D) Does not require assistance with communication

Accepted Answer

People with an endotracheal tube must receive rigorous oral hygiene at least twice a day to prevent infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Proper oral care is crucial for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and preventing the buildup of harmful bacteria.

Question 5

Maseem has type 2 respiratory failure and is a risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. He is struggling to breathe.
-What would be the best position in which to support his breathing?

A) Fowler's (Semi-recumbent)
B) Prone
C) Orthopnoeic
D) Trendelenburg

Accepted Answer

Orthopnoeic position is best for patients at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure, as it allows for maximum chest expansion, facilitating easier breathing.

Question 6

Maseem has type 2 respiratory failure and is a risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. He is struggling to breathe.
-What is the target oxygen saturation level for Maseem?

A) 95-100%
B) 90-95%
C) 88-92%
D) 80-85%

Accepted Answer

For patients at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure, such as those with type 2 respiratory failure, the target oxygen saturation level is typically set at 88-92% to avoid worsening hypercapnia while ensuring adequate oxygenation.

Question 7

Lucy has pneumonia as a result of a Covid 19 infection. She is in intensive care and ventilated. To enable ventilation she is heavily sedated and paralysed. Her lungs are not recovering as expected despite treatment so the intensive care team decide to change her position.
-What position should be considered to help oxygen exchange in her lungs?

A) Fowler's (Semi-recumbent)
B) Prone
C) Orthopnoeic
D) Trendelenburg

Accepted Answer

Prone positioning is recommended for patients with severe respiratory failure, such as in the case of Lucy, because it can improve oxygenation by redistributing lung perfusion, reducing ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and alleviating the effects of lung compression.

Question 8

Lucy has pneumonia as a result of a Covid 19 infection. She is in intensive care and ventilated. To enable ventilation she is heavily sedated and paralysed. Her lungs are not recovering as expected despite treatment so the intensive care team decide to change her position.
-What position should be considered to help oxygen exchange in her lungs?

A) Fowler's (Semi-recumbent)
B) Prone
C) Orthopnoeic
D) Trendelenburg

Accepted Answer

Placing a patient in the prone position, especially one who is heavily sedated and ventilated like Lucy, can lead to several complications. These include the risk of dislodging the airway, which is critical for ventilated patients; the development of pressure sores due to prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body; and disruption of nasogastric feeds due to the change in body position affecting the tube's placement and function.

Deck 5: Critical Care Related to the Respiratory System