Question 1

Which organ secretes bile?&#10;A) The bile duct&#10;B) The bowel&#10;C) The liver&#10;D) The pancreas

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for the production and secretion of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Question 2

The Loop of Henle can be found in the ______&#10;A) Gall bladder&#10;B) Liver&#10;C) Nephron&#10;D) Bladder

Accepted Answer

The Loop of Henle is a part of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney involved in the process of urine formation.

Question 3

What is the level of urine output that is associated with acute kidney injury?&#10;A) 30 mls/hr&#10;B) 45 mls/hr&#10;C) 0.5mls/kg/hr for more than 6 hours&#10;D) 5mls/kg/hr for more than 6 hours

Accepted Answer

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often defined by a significant decrease in kidney function, including a reduction in urine output. One of the criteria for AKI is an output of less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr for more than 6 hours. This reflects a significant decrease in the kidneys' ability to produce urine, indicating potential damage or failure.

Question 4

Pyelonephritis is inflammation of ______&#10;A) The brain&#10;B) The bowel&#10;C) The liver&#10;D) The renal pelvis

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney.

Question 5

How is Stage 3a of chronic kidney disease defined?&#10;A) an eGFR of 45-59ml/min&#10;B) an eGFR of 30-44ml/min&#10;C) an eGFR of 15-29ml/min&#10;D) <15l/min

Accepted Answer

Stage 3a of chronic kidney disease is defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 45-59 ml/min.

Question 6

Moa has a urinary catheter and for the last 8 hours, her urine output has been 25 ml/hr. Her body weight is 80kg. She hasn't been drinking very much and she has no intravenous therapy.
-How is this quantity of urine output classified?

A) Oliguria
B) Anuria
C) Polyuria
D) Normal

Accepted Answer

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 400 ml in 24 hours (or less than about 17 ml/hr) in adults, which applies to Moa's situation of having a urine output of 25 ml/hr.

Question 7

Moa has a urinary catheter and for the last 8 hours, her urine output has been 25 ml/hr. Her body weight is 80kg. She hasn't been drinking very much and she has no intravenous therapy.
-How is this quantity of urine output classified?

A) Oliguria
B) Anuria
C) Polyuria
D) Normal

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Accepted Answer

Encouraging fluid intake is the first step in addressing low urine output, especially when there's no indication of fluid intake (oral or IV). This can help improve kidney function and urine production.

Question 8

Eric has yellow sclera and skin. He suffers from gallstones.&#10;-What is the term given for this yellow colour?&#10;A) Anaemia&#10;B) Jaundice&#10;C) Inflammation&#10;D) Cyanosis

Accepted Answer

Jaundice is the correct term for the yellowing of the skin and sclera, often due to liver dysfunction or blockage of bile flow, as can happen with gallstones.

Question 9

Eric has yellow sclera and skin. He suffers from gallstones.
-What is the probable cause of the yellowing?

A) He drinks too much tea
B) His liver isn't working properly
C) He has bruised himself
D) A gall stone is blocking his bile duct

Accepted Answer

The yellowing of the skin and sclera, known as jaundice, is likely due to a gallstone blocking the bile duct, preventing bile from being excreted and causing a buildup of bilirubin in the body.

Deck 8: Critical Care Related to the Renal and Liver Systems