Deck 1: What Is Multicultural Psychology

Question 1

The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following except

A) regular or expected behaviors of a particular group.
B) different types of music, art, and dance.
C) food, clothing, history, and traditions.
D) genetic determinants of behavior.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the six ways culture is used in everyday language?

A) Genetic
B) Structural
C) Prescriptive
D) Historical

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following best defines descriptive culture?

A) The specific behaviors and activities associated with a culture
B) The rules that govern the behavior of a particular group
C) The specific attitudes and beliefs associated with a culture
D) A group's heritage and traditions

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Traditional gender roles and machismo are examples of _________ culture.

A) normative
B) structural
C) descriptive
D) historical

Question 5

Psychologists who study culture say that culture refers to all of the following except

A) the values of a particular group of people.
B) the guiding beliefs or principles of a particular group of people.
C) the behaviors or typical activities of a particular group of people.
D) an individual's personal thoughts and beliefs regarding likes and dislikes.

Question 6

The textbook defines culture as the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols

A) that die out from generation to generation.
B) and passed down from generation to generation.
C) that are only practiced by the elders in the population.
D) that represent the phenotypic features shared by the population.

Question 7

Art, music, food, and language are all ____________ of the values and beliefs of a cultural group.

A) definitions
B) stages
C) symbol representations
D) racial categories

Question 8

The field of multicultural psychology distinguishes between a(n) _________ and a _______ definition of culture.

A) broad; diverse
B) individual; collective
C) broad; narrow
D) specific; diverse

Question 9

A broad definition of culture includes

A) physical ability
B) religion
C) sexual orientation
D) all of the above

Question 10

Most people use the term culture to refer to someone's race, ethnicity, or country of origin. This is known as a ___________ definition of culture.

A) broad
B) narrow
C) modern
D) historical

Question 11

What example was given in the textbook to illustrate differing worldviews?

A) The O. J. Simpson trial
B) Global warming
C) World poverty
D) The spread of HIV

Question 12

The dramatically different responses of the African American and European American communities to the O. J. Simpson trial were used in the textbook as an example of

A) the historical development of racial categories.
B) important events in the history of multicultural psychology.
C) differing definitions of culture.
D) differences in worldview.

Question 13

Which of the following cases illustrates differences in worldview?

A) O. J. Simpson
B) Philando Castile
C) Donte Robinson and Rashon Nelson
D) All of the above

Question 14

The case of Donte Robinson and Rashon Neslon at Starbucks was used in Chapter 1 to illustrate

A) the "browning of America."
B) definitions of culture.
C) the history of racism in this country.
D) differences in worldview.

Question 15

Worldviews are shaped by

A) our behaviors.
B) our past experiences.
C) our perceptions.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

___________ is determined by both physical and cultural characteristics.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Genotype
D) Nationality

Question 17

Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on

A) biological differences.
B) the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
C) the degree to which one assimilates to a new surrounding.
D) the socially constructed meaning of phenotypic differences.

Question 18

From a biological perspective, race is determined by

A) the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.
B) the degree to which one assimilates into the dominant group.
C) phenotype, or the shared noticeable physical characteristics of a group.
D) the shared language and history of a group.

Question 19

The scientific notion of race as a biological construct was first developed during the

A) Age of Enlightenment.
B) prehistoric era.
C) Victorian era.
D) civil rights movement.

Question 20

The earliest taxonomies placed human beings in categories based on

A) behavioral and psychological characteristics.
B) genetic makeup.
C) cultural customs and traditions.
D) superficial phenotypic characteristics.

Question 21

One of the most influential taxonomies of human beings, which still influences conceptualizations of race today, was developed by

A) Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
B) Charles Darwin
C) the ancient Egyptians
D) Sir Francis Galton

Question 22

The ___________________ was a medieval belief in the hierarchical structure of all life in which those nearest the top of the hierarchy were considered closest to perfection, or to God.

A) Origin of the Species
B) Survival of the Fittest
C) Great Chain of Being
D) Stairway to Heaven

Question 23

During the 18th century, scientists began to include behavioral and psychological characteristics in their racial categories. This led to the development of race as a ____________ construct.

A) sociocultural
B) multicultural
C) biological
D) narrow

Question 24

What forces influenced the development of different racial and cultural groups?

A) Migration
B) Geographic isolation
C) Inbreeding
D) All of the above

Question 25

Most differences between racial groups can be accounted for by

A) the percentage of genes that are different between groups.
B) the fact that different racial groups represent different species within the human race.
C) patterns of migration and adaptation between the different groups.
D) none of the above-There are absolutely no differences in either genotype or phenotype between the groups.

Question 26

According to Angier (2000), how much genetic variation occurs between populations?

A) 88-90%
B) 10-12%
C) 0-5%
D) 100%

Question 27

Why does race continue to be such a widely used concept in today's society?

A) Because the term has become useful in our interpersonal, group, and societal relationships
B) Because of the known genetic difference between racial groups
C) Because scientific evidence supports the idea of significant genetic differences between racial groups
D) Because psychologists agree that race continues to be a useful term

Question 28

_________________ refers to the meaningful ways in which various social statuses (e.g., race, gender, social class) interact and result in differing experiences with oppression and privilege.

A) Intersectionality
B) Worldview
C) Racism
D) Cross-cultural psychology

Question 29

In his coming-out process, TaShaun struggled with the different parts of his identity. As a male, he has many privileges because he's in the dominant group. However, as a gay man, he faces homophobia, and as an African American, he faces racism. TaShaun's struggles around identity illustrate the concept of

A) tolerance.
B) multicultural counseling and therapy.
C) intersectionality.
D) social institutions.

Question 30

__________ refers to critical incidents where people from different cultural, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds come into social contact with each other.

A) Culture contact
B) Ethnical psychology
C) Ethnocentrism
D) Introspection

Question 31

__________________ is the study of issues relevant to racial and ethnic groups that have been historically subordinated, underrepresented, or underserved.

A) Cultural psychology
B) Multicultural psychology
C) Ethnic minority psychology
D) Cross-cultural psychology

Question 32

Why did the field move away from the term ethnic minority psychology to multicultural psychology?

A) To strengthen ties and develop allies across different racial/ethnic groups.
B) To move beyond race and ethnicity and include other identities such as gender, religion, and sexual orientation.
C) To move away from the term "minority" which is statistically incorrect and implies that one group is of lesser status than the other.
D) All of the above

Question 33

Which field is interested in cultural comparison, or looking for what is similar and different between cultures?

A) Cross-cultural psychology
B) Ethnic minority psychology
C) Cultural psychology
D) Anthropological psychology

Question 34

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Multiculturalism as a philosophy has influenced a wide range of disciplines.
B) Multiculturalism applies to settings in which more than one culture exists.
C) Multiculturalism as a philosophy only applies to the field of psychology.
D) Multiculturalism represents a set of beliefs about how different cultural groups should coexist.

Question 35

The basic assumptions of multiculturalism include tolerance, respect, inclusion, sensitivity, and

A) equity.
B) injustice.
C) socialism.
D) freedom.

Question 36

In today's society, the term _________________ has come to mean a fair, open, and objective attitude toward people and ideas that differ from yours.

A) justice
B) tolerance
C) equity
D) inclusion

Question 37

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Tolerance should be the minimum standard for multiculturalism.
B) Tolerance is the ideal standard for multiculturalism.
C) Multiculturalism should include valuing and appreciating differences.
D) Mutual enrichment should be the ideal standard of multiculturalism.

Question 38

___________ assumes that everyone starts at the same level, while ___________ recognizes not everyone has equal access.

A) Equality; equity
B) Tolerance; sensitivity
C) Respect; social justice
D) Equality; social justice

Question 39

____________ means providing remedies for past social injustices to level the playing field of opportunity for various groups.

A) Equality
B) Equity
C) Tolerance
D) Mutual enrichment

Question 40

______________ says all schools should receive the same funding per student, regardless of the socioeconomic status of the students being served.

A) Equity
B) Social justice
C) Equality
D) Multiculturalism

Question 41

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), public buildings must include accommodations so those with disabilities can have access to those places. Which basic assumption of multiculturalism does this illustrate?

A) Freedom
B) Inclusion
C) Tolerance
D) Respect

Question 42

Justin politely told his grandfather that today it is more appropriate to say "Asian" instead of "Oriental." Which basic assumption of multiculturalism did Justin follow by doing this?

A) Equity
B) Tolerance
C) Sensitivity
D) Racism

Question 43

Suzanne strongly believes that all people, regardless of their background, deserve to have access to the same resources, such as quality housing, food, education, and health care. Which basic assumption of multiculturalism does this illustrate?

A) Tolerance
B) Sensitivity
C) Equity
D) Respect

Question 44

Which ideals represent a more action-oriented approach to multiculturalism?

A) Empowerment, social justice, and social change
B) Capitalism, socialism, and communism
C) Tolerance, sensitivity, and respect
D) Equity, inclusion, and fairness

Question 45

From an action-oriented perspective, multiculturalism is seen as

A) a method to promote dialogue about our differences.
B) a philosophy.
C) a more effective method of counseling and psychotherapy.
D) a social, intellectual, and moral movement, with the goal of changing individuals, institutions, and society as a whole.

Question 46

An action-oriented approach to multiculturalism says that we must work to implement policies and practices in schools, corporations, and the government to ensure everyone is treated equally and fairly. This represents change at what level?

A) The individual level
B) The societal level
C) The cultural level
D) The social institutional level

Question 47

What is the white-lash?

A) The ability of Obama to get people of all races to vote for him.
B) The proof we now live in a postracial society.
C) The reason voters supported Hillary Clinton.
D) The backlash of White voters against a black president, minorities in general, and a changing country.

Question 48

Social analysts and research results suggest that Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election by:

A) outlining his clear, positive policies for the country.
B) uniting diverse groups of voters with differing opinions together.
C) appealing to poor and working class Whites who felt disenfranchised during the Obama years.
D) calming people's economic anxieties and cultural fears.

Question 49

In 2013, Nina Davaluri was the first Indian American to win the Miss America pageant. In the wake of her victory, Ms. Davaluri received both hateful and supportive reactions. What does this example say about the current state of race relations in the United States?

A) The United States is a country still plagued by racism.
B) The United States has made a lot of progress in terms of race.
C) The Miss America pageant is an outdated, sexist ritual.
D) Both a and b

Question 50

The "Unite the Right" march and rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017, was given in the textbook as an example of:

A) The Civil Rights Movement
B) Differences in worldview
C) Black Lives Matter
D) White-lash

Question 51

Overall, the policies of the Trump administration and personal statements made by Donald Trump indicate:

A) strong support for multicultural issues.
B) a lack of support for multicultural issues.
C) movement toward being more supportive of multicultural issues.
D) no strong opinions related to multicultural issues.

Question 52

Multiculturalism emphasizes all of the following except

A) cultural pluralism.
B) analytic thinking involving multiple perspectives.
C) change at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.
D) the imposition of one's values and beliefs on others.

Question 53

Multicultural psychology is primarily concerned with behavior, cognition, and affect as they occur

A) in settings where everyone is the same.
B) at the biological level.
C) in settings where people of many different backgrounds coexist.
D) in inferior races of people.

Question 54

One of the major premises of multicultural psychology is that

A) all cultures are the same.
B) all behavior can be explained by genetic influences.
C) all behavior occurs in a cultural context.
D) culture is too complex to be understood or studied effectively.

Question 55

While most groups showed an increase in numbers since the 2010 Census, which of the following groups showed the largest increase?

A) African American
B) White/European American
C) Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
D) Asian

Question 56

According to the Pew Research Center, approximately ______ of the current U.S. population is foreign-born.

A) 5%
B) 14%
C) 60%
D) 1%

Question 57

What two major forces are responsible for the increasing diversification of the U.S. population?

A) Immigration rates and birthrates
B) The wars in the Middle East and the economy
C) The increase in racism and discrimination
D) The conflict between the liberals and the conservatives

Question 58

According to the Centers for Disease Control, which group has the highest birthrates?

A) White (not Hispanic/Latinx)
B) Black (not Hispanic/Latinx)
C) Asian or Pacific Islander
D) Hispanic/Latinx

Question 59

U.S. Census projections indicate that sometime in the next century the United States will become a ________________ society.

A) minority majority
B) majority minority
C) homogeneous
D) more tolerant

Question 60

What does the "browning of America" mean?

A) The increasing amount of pollution in our air and water
B) The destruction of the soil due to the use of pesticides
C) The changing population of the United States due to immigration and differing birthrates
D) The increased discrimination against immigrants

Question 61

Which of the following is considered the "fourth force" in psychology?

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Multicultural psychology
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Behaviorism

Question 62

"We know that when we are stressed, our immune system is weakened, and we are more likely to get sick." This quotation illustrates which level of the biopsychosocial model?

A) Biological
B) Cultural
C) Social-interpersonal
D) Cognitive-affective

Question 63

What is the final level of the biopsychosocial model?

A) Cultural
B) Cognitive-affective
C) Social-institutional
D) Social-interpersonal

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of the biopsychosocial model?

A) Biological
B) Cultural
C) Psychological
D) Cognitive-affective

Question 65

Lily felt that one reason she did poorly in school was because she came from a Korean family, and many Korean parents have high expectations for their children and pressure them to work hard and make good grades. It was hard for Lily to understand this mentality because, while her parents were born in Korea, she was born and raised in the United States. According to the biopsychosocial model, this is a _____________-level explanation for Lily's poor grades.

A) cultural
B) biological
C) social-institutional
D) cognitive-affective

Question 66

The field of multicultural psychology evolved primarily out of _______________.

A) physiological psychology
B) social psychology
C) anthropology
D) clinical and counseling psychology

Question 67

Which psychologist(s) developed a theory of multicultural counseling and therapy (MCT)?

A) Sue, Ivey, and Pedersen
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Kohlberg and Gilligan
D) David Reimer

Question 68

What is a metatheory?

A) A theory about a specific aspect of human behavior
B) A generic theory that provides a framework for understanding other therapeutic approaches
C) A theory that integrates the best parts of all the other theories
D) There is no such thing as a metatheory.

Question 69

Pastors, priests, rabbis, and other clergy are all considered

A) professional therapists.
B) indigenous helpers.
C) unimportant in multicultural counseling and therapy.
D) multicultural psychologists.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cultural identity?

A) Cultural identity plays a major role in one's attitudes toward the self.
B) Cultural identity plays a major role in one's attitudes toward others in the same cultural group.
C) Cultural identity plays a major role in one's attitudes toward others in different cultural groups.
D) Cultural identity is influenced primarily by one's genetic makeup.

Question 71

Therapists are most effective when they

A) take into account the culture of the client.
B) assume all people are alike.
C) impose their own cultural values on clients.
D) see their own culture as the norm.

Question 72

In multicultural counseling and therapy (MCT), therapists are trained to

A) primarily work in private practice.
B) collaborate with other community resources in helping clients.
C) use their own culture as the standard by which to judge clients.
D) view cultural differences as irrelevant to the therapeutic process.

Question 73

Cultural identity is composed of

A) gender.
B) race.
C) sexual orientation.
D) all of the above.

Question 74

Cultural identity is shaped by

A) individual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors.
B) interactions with minority groups.
C) interactions with the dominant group.
D) all of the above.

Question 75

Which term refers to the need for psychologists to break out of the traditional mode of thinking and go beyond the individualistic, Western perspective?

A) Dynamic consciousness
B) Ethnocentrism
C) Liberation of consciousness
D) Cultural identity

Question 76

_______________________ involves the ability of individuals to take perspective on their immediate cultural, social, and political environment and to engage in critical dialogue with it.

A) Critical consciousness
B) Intersectionality
C) Multiculturalism
D) Social justice

Question 77

Which term refers to the study of the minds of other races and peoples?

A) Ethnical psychology
B) Racial psychology
C) Multicultural psychology
D) Multiethnic psychology

Question 78

__________ is a movement that believes that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be prevented from reproducing.

A) Ethnical psychology
B) Structuralism
C) Popular genetics
D) Eugenics

Question 79

Early psychological research conducted by Europeans and European Americans on racial group differences often concluded that

A) we are all members of one race, the human race.
B) Whites are inferior to other races.
C) members of other racial groups are inferior to Whites
D) Whites are higher in intelligence, but other groups are higher in personality.

Question 80

The work of many of the first African American psychologists focused on

A) proving White racial superiority.
B) refuting beliefs about Black mental inferiority.
C) developing psychological theories from an Afrocentric perspective.
D) ethnic identity.