Deck 6: How Does Gender Impact the People You Spend Your Time With the Gender of Friendship and Dating

Question 1

The people with whom you are related through biological or symbolic ties are known as ______.

A) clan
B) kin
C) fictive kin
D) tribe

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Author C. S. Lewis said that friendship was unique and perhaps better than other types of relationships because it is characterized by which two criteria?

A) voluntary and love
B) choice and obligation
C) obligation and love
D) choice and voluntary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which concept did Georg Simmel associate with the unique trait of friendship being purely for the sake of enjoyment?

A) sociability
B) social norms
C) socialization
D) sociobiology

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies Way's research findings on boys' friendships?

A) After going through puberty, John developed stronger emotional attachments to his friends.
B) At the age of 6, Juan struggled to maintain close friendships.
C) As he neared the end of high school, William became more distanced from his male friends.
D) Peter and Ned's dissolving friendship is uncharacteristic of hegemonic masculinity.

Question 5

In Anglo-European history, ______ were considered unable to commit to forming close friendship bonds, while ______ friendships were characterized as fiercely loyal.

A) kin; kith
B) kith; kin
C) males; female
D) females; male

Question 6

The ______ describes the work that working women are expected to undertake in the home.

A) obligatory tasks
B) care tasks
C) second shift
D) first shift

Question 7

Jerry and Cameron became friends through weekly games of racquetball after work. They do not share much about their personal lives. This demonstrates which type of interaction?

A) face-to-face
B) passive
C) side-by-side
D) active

Question 8

Which theoretical perspective would argue that girls' close relationships with their mothers facilitate easy friendship connections with other women?

A) psychoanalytic theory
B) queer theory
C) evolutionary sociobiology
D) status characteristics theory

Question 9

The dominant definition of manhood, known as ______, leads men to form friendships that are more competitive and rational.

A) emphasized patriarchy
B) hegemonic masculinity
C) patrilineal descent
D) compulsory masculinity

Question 10

Barriers to creating cross-class and cross-race friendships may be attributed to which of the following?

A) heterosociality
B) intimacy boundaries
C) strong ego networks
D) residential segregation

Question 11

Which social group confronts the most friendship constraints?

A) men in the corporate workplace
B) housewives
C) women in the corporate workplace
D) parents of school-age children

Question 12

Women's social networks are made up of more ______, while men's networks are comprised of more ______.

A) kin; friends
B) friends; kin
C) colleagues; kin
D) kin; colleagues

Question 13

Which theoretical perspective understands gender as a social structure from which individuals form a gender identity?

A) social network theory
B) gender schema theory
C) evolutionary sociobiology
D) status characteristics theory

Question 14

Walker argued that ______ needs to be taken into account when examining gender differences in friendship.

A) race
B) ethnicity
C) religion
D) social class

Question 15

Walker's research demonstrated that working-class people tend to have fewer friends but more intimate friendships of longer duration. This resulted in which of the following for these respondents?

A) more insecurity about others' opinions of them
B) more stability than middle-class counterparts
C) more family instability
D) more job security

Question 16

Which theoretical perspective asserts that friendship behavior is a product of people being held accountable to the closeness of their relationships based on gender expectations?

A) doing gender theory
B) queer theory
C) evolutionary sociobiology
D) status characteristics theory

Question 17

In 2004, the percentage of adults reporting that they have no close friends was ______.

A) 25
B) 36
C) 53
D) 64

Question 18

Symbolic family members are known as ______.

A) nuclear family
B) fictive kin
C) social family
D) adoptive kin

Question 19

Compadrazgo is a common trait in many Latino and Latin American communities. When friends become compadres, they are considered ______.

A) fictive kin
B) blood brothers
C) forever friends
D) geographic friends

Question 20

______ provide important financial and emotional support to LGBTQ communities.

A) Blood brothers
B) Families of choice
C) Kin networks
D) Coworkers

Question 21

An intense attraction in which the love object is idealized and has an erotic context projected to be long-lasting is known as ______.

A) salutary love
B) androgynous love
C) sexual love
D) romantic love

Question 22

Traditionally, when a man went to a woman's house and spent time with her and her family, this process was known as ______.

A) mating
B) calling
C) going steady
D) hooking up

Question 23

Which of the following is true of romantic love?

A) It exists across cultures globally.
B) Historically, it was a necessary component for marriage.
C) It centers the courting relationship in the home.
D) It idealizes the object of love.

Question 24

When dating became more about the volume--rather than the quality--of relationships, this phenomenon was known as the ______.

A) courting-calling-dating complex
B) rating-dating-mating complex
C) going-steady-hooking-up complex
D) friends-with-benefits complex

Question 25

Even though many couples started to "go steady" in the period after World War II, which group of people was still socially expected to wait until marriage to have sex?

A) African Americans
B) men
C) women
D) working-class

Question 26

A sexual encounter with an acquaintance that is not expected to last more than a night is called ______.

A) dating
B) calling
C) going steady
D) hooking up

Question 27

The process by which norms and ideals surrounding women's sexuality are becoming increasingly similar to norms and ideals of men's sexuality is known as ______.

A) gender consistency
B) sexual replication
C) sexual convergence
D) gender parity

Question 28

According to a Michigan State University study, what fraction of friends with benefits relationships went on to become actual romantic relationships?

A) 1/10
B) 1/5
C) 1/4
D) 1/2

Question 29

Societies in which the collective needs of groups (e.g., families) are generally seen as less important, such as in the United States, can be described as which of the following?

A) individualistic
B) heteronormative
C) homosocial
D) industrial

Question 30

______ relationships are formed after a ritual exchange of blood.

A) Hemophatic
B) Blood brother
C) Kindred
D)Compadrazgo

Question 31

The people with whom you are related either by actual blood or through symbolic ties are known as fictive kin.

Question 32

Common definitions of friendship emphasize a voluntary, informal, and personal relationship.

Question 33

Historically, women were seen as less competent at forming and sustaining friendships.

Question 34

Into the 19th century, "manly love" was an important part of the definition of masculinity.

Question 35

Men's friendships can be described as face-to-face, while women's friendships are side-by-side.

Question 36

Social class and racial or ethnic identity are two examples of social structural factors that can influence friendship.

Question 37

Evidence has shown that when women are focused on their career, they are more likely to form intimate friendships.

Question 38

Less than half of the men in Karin Walker's study of friendships admitted to sharing intimacies with their friends.

Question 39

Anglo-European societies have a "voluntary" nature to friendships not seen in other cultures.

Question 40

"Calling," the early form of dating, put power into the hands of men regarding relationships.

Question 41

"Going steady" is seen as a sexual encounter with someone usually lasting one night.

Question 42

Conjugality is a term used to describe the personal relationship between husband and wife.

Question 43

The rating-dating-mating complex describes the contemporary American model of courtship.

Question 44

Prior to the 21st century, the strength of men's friendships was rooted in homoeroticism.

Question 45

Evidence has shown that the majority of "friends with benefits" relationships become long-lasting, romantic relationships.

Question 46

What predictions would advocates of social network theory make about the behavior of men and women who belong to similar classes (have similar jobs, etc.)? How would this play out in their friendships and relationships?

Question 47

Discuss the key differences between friendships in individualistic societies versus collective societies. Then identify any similarities you would expect to observe among friendships in these two different social contexts.

Question 48

Compare and contrast marriage in individualistic and collectivistic societies.

Question 49

Dating relationships have undergone several significant transformations (e.g., "calling," "rating-dating-mating complex," "going steady," and "hookups"). Define each type of dating relationship, and explain how gender figures differently into each of them.

Question 50

Discuss some of the challenges that trans people encounter in casual dating and committed relationships. When a person transitions genders while in a relationship, how does it affect them? How does it affect their partner? How do these experiences differ for trans men and trans women?