Deck 7: Stress and Coping in Later Life

Question 1

Alfonso is 78 years old. According to gerontologists, this means he is in which age category?

A) young-old
B) middle-old
C) oldest-old
D) senior citizen

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The field of family gerontology emerged to ______.

A) prepare families to care for their older family members
B) prepare older adults for inevitable changes in later life
C) draw attention to the intersection between aging, family systems, and the life course
D) engage with policymakers to take a serious look at the looming deficits in Social Security benefits

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Aging families and younger families differ in important ways, including ______.

A) the likelihood that aging families will experience coinciding joyful and painful events
B) aging families experience more stress than young families
C) younger families experience more stress than aging families
D) younger families do not focus on the needs of their aging parents

Answer 3

A

Question 4

It is important to study demographic trends because ______.

A) if we know that the aging population is decreasing, services can be reduced
B) people are living longer, so society must adjust to the growing needs of younger populations
C) growth in the older population will happen at relatively rapid rates, impacting the family structures, social policy, and service needs of the entire population
D) it will help policymakers understand where older adults live

Question 5

People considered to be middle-old are ______ years of age.

A) 40-64
B) 70-74
C) 60-64
D) 75-84

Question 6

People considered to be oldest-old are ______ years of age.

A) over 85
B) 75-84
C) 90-99
D) over 100

Question 7

Compared to men, women typically ______.

A) live longer
B) die at a younger age
C) die more suddenly
D) are more likely to be married when they die

Question 8

The main distinction between stress encountered at a young age and stress encountered at an older age is that ______.

A) stress in older populations is limited to financial considerations
B) stress in younger families is related primarily to obesity
C) earlier in life, stressors revolve around expanding social and familial circles
D) stressors in older adults are of less intensity and duration than in younger adults

Question 9

Stress-related growth refers to ______.

A) stress created during developmental transitions
B) positive outcomes that emerge from stress, specifically resilience
C) the expansion of social networks during stressful events
D) age-related stress

Question 10

What does dysynchronized retirement refer to?

A) working while retired
B) retiring from a full-time job and beginning a part-time job
C) when married couples retire at different times
D) entering a new career after retiring from the military

Question 11

Many older adults require instrumental and emotional support. Examples of emotional support include ______.

A) helping prepare food
B) providing transportation to doctor's appointments
C) washing and folding the laundry
D) encouraging phone calls from family and friends

Question 12

A caregiver provides different types of assistance. One type of assistance is hands-on assistance, called ______ and the other is assistance that expresses affection and encouragement, called ______

A) formal; informal
B) material; nonmaterial
C) biological; psychological
D) instrumental; emotional

Question 13

A multidimensional response to the negative appraisal and perceived stress resulting from taking care of an ill individual is referred to as ______.

A) secondary trauma
B) elder care burnout
C) agism
D) caregiver burden

Question 14

Mercedes and Carlos are a Latinx couple who both work. Last month, Carlos's mother had a mild stroke and Carlos and Mercedes brought her home from the hospital to live with them, even though there was room available at a rehab center. Mercedes quit her part-time job at school to care for Carlos's mother because both she and her husband saw it as their responsibility. This is an example of a cultural value referred to as ______.

A) machismo
B) familismo
C) adult responsibility
D) caregiver burden

Question 15

Ambiguous loss would occur for the family of an older adult who ______.

A) requires considerable mobility assistance
B) has a dementia-related condition that makes him or her physically present but emotionally or cognitively absent
C) lives with his or her family but has to work longer hours to support his or her needs
D) lives in an assisted care setting and is angry that the family will not support him or her at home

Question 16

Elder abuse is primarily, but not exclusively, perpetrated by ______.

A) family members
B) paid caregivers
C) institutional residences
D) community perpetrators

Question 17

Emily lives with her grandmother and has taken her checks and signed them over to herself. She has become very frustrated with caring for her grandmother's intensive physical needs and memory loss and screams at her grandmother every evening when she is particularly restless. These are examples of ______.

A) physical and emotional abuse
B) emotional abuse and financial neglect
C) financial abuse
D) emotional abuse and financial abuse

Question 18

Wanda has noticed that her eyesight is beginning to deteriorate. At the same time, the roads around her home are becoming more congested with traffic. She decides to stop driving and works with her daughter to find free transportation for seniors in her area. Her neighbor also told her about special busses for disabled adults that stop right in front of your door. She is ecstatic about the options but a little afraid to explore them by herself. This is an example of ______ focused coping.

A) problem-
B) emotion-
C) instrumental-
D) social-

Question 19

Violet, who is 87 years old and very frail, needs increased home care, but she has denied this need to her concerned children. She continues to tell them that she can handle each situation on her own and says that living alone is not dangerous (although she has fallen numerous times and in fact broke her pelvis). She explains that she is an "independent" woman who does not need any help. This is an example of ______ focused coping.

A) problem-
B) emotion-
C) instrumental-
D) social-

Question 20

What is the primary component of positive reappraisal?

A) developing resilience
B) coping with change
C) viewing the situation differently
D) changing routines and networks

Question 21

Existing ______ are vital to examine when seeking to understand elder abuse, as are the intersections of personal identities.

A) stress responses
B) family dynamics
C) geographies
D) work habits

Question 22

In ______ families, children are raised solely by their grandparents, rather than by their parents.

A) unhealthy
B) forgotten generation
C) skipped generation
D) foster

Question 23

A diversity of circumstances can lead to the formation of ______. Major factors include addiction, incarceration, migration, deportation, and mental health issues.

A) skipped-generation families
B) multigenerational families
C) blended families
D) low-income families

Question 24

______ individuals who are estranged or distant from their families may experience substantial difficulties in accessing chronic health care needs.

A) Childless
B) Irreligious
C) LGBTQ
D) Rural

Question 25

"LLATs" refers to living apart together later in life.

Question 26

The racial/ethnic mix of older adults is expected to remain relatively stable between now and 2050.

Question 27

Ecological systems theory is a helpful lens through which to view family aging because it considers the impact of multiple levels of peoples' ecology on their functioning.

Question 28

Elder abuse is experienced by two third of the older adult population in the United States.

Question 29

Subscribing strongly to familism may put older adults at greater risk of abuse.

Question 30

Skipped-generation families refer to families in which children are being raised solely by their grandparents rather than their parents.

Question 31

Affirmation is the form of social support characterized by emotional support, provided through expressions of care and concern for an aging family member.

Question 32

Aid, affect, and affirmation are the behaviors that make up social support.

Question 33

The term caregiver burden describes the fact that caregivers often face extensive demands on their time and difficulties that test their physical and mental endurance.

Question 34

Caregiver and care providers are interchangeable terms.

Question 35

Define what is meant by the aging family. What issues do they face? What are some differences between aging families and younger families?

Question 36

Discuss the positive and negative experiences older adults face in their retirement. Give examples of each. How do you think these experiences compare with what you will experience as an older adult?

Question 37

People are living longer and with that, caregiving responsibilities fall on family members. Discuss issues, including "caregiver burden," associated with providing care for older family members.

Question 38

Using both definitions and examples, distinguish between various forms of elderly abuse.

Question 39

Outline the causes of "skipped-generation" families.