Deck 6: Group Processes

Question 1

The extent to which group members are linked together by an underlying common bond is ______.

A) similarity
B) interconnectedness
C) entitativity
D) cohesiveness

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Cohesive groups tend to exert ______ social influence and their members are typically ______ committed to the group.

A) less; less
B) less; more
C) more; less
D) more; more

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A detriment in performance when an audience is present is known as ______.

A) an audience effect
B) social facilitation
C) social inhibition
D) task complexity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Drive theory suggests that an audience may lead to ______ which may, in turn, lead to an increased reliance on ______ processes.

A) physical arousal; controlled
B) physiological arousal; controlled
C) arousal; automatic
D) physiological arousal; automatic

Question 5

A chess expert asked to play a chess game in front of an audience will perform ______.

A) better
B) worse
C) no different in the presence of an audience
D) better than they ever have before

Question 6

Cotterell and colleagues showed that when the audience was blindfolded, participants did NOT show social facilitation or inhibition responses. This supports ______.

A) drive theory
B) distraction conflict theory
C) evaluation-apprehension
D) all of these

Question 7

The social loafing effect occurs on ______ but NOT on ______ tasks.

A) simple; easy
B) simple; difficult
C) difficult; easy
D) boring; difficult

Question 8

Which of the following personality traits are associated with leadership?

A) confidence
B) being talkative
C) above-average intelligence
D) all of these

Question 9

A leadership position in the group is a result of ______.

A) personality factors
B) situational factors
C) personality and situational factors
D) none of these

Question 10

A hierarchical style of leadership in which the leader of the group gives orders to group members in order for the goals of the groups to be achieved is known as a(n) ______.

A) autocratic leadership style
B) democratic leadership style
C) laissez-faire leadership style
D) socio-emotional leadership style

Question 11

Which of these is an example of a task-focussed leader?

A) Sir Richard Branson
B) Sir Alan Sugar
C) Mother Theresa
D) all of these

Question 12

Autocratic leaders are ______ in task-focus but ______ on the socio-emotional dimension, whereas laissez-faire leaders are ______ in task focus, but ______ in socio-emotional focus.

A) low; low; high; high
B) high; high; low; low
C) low; high; low; high
D) high; low; low; high

Question 13

A democratic leader is more appropriate or better for the group when the group is ______.

A) stable
B) unstable
C) flexible
D) inflexible

Question 14

Socio-emotional leadership or task-oriented leadership style may be a better leadership style depending on the situational control the leader has of the group.
This idea is known as ______.

A) exchange relationship
B) individualised consideration
C) confounding
D) contingency theory

Question 15

The term used to describe a detriment in performance when an audience is present is known as ______.

A) an audience effect
B) social inhibition
C) social facilitation
D) distraction-conflict

Question 16

Lickel et al. (2000) found that it was possible to divide a wide range of groups into ______ types of increasing entitativity:

A) two
B) four
C) five
D) eight

Question 17

According to drive theory, arousal created by the mere presence of others leads to increased reliance on ______.

A) systematic processing
B) automatic processing
C) task instructions
D) controlled processing

Question 18

In line with drive theory, Michaels et al. (1982) found that while the performance of below average pool players ______ with an audience present, the performance of above average players ______ with an audience present.

A) increased; decreased
B) remained the same; increased
C) remained the same; decreased
D) decreased; increased

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for social facilitation and social inhibition effects?

A) evaluation apprehension theory
B) social loafing
C) drive theory
D) distraction conflict theory

Question 20

Latané et al. (1979) found that blindfolded participants asked to shout as loudly as possible shouted louder when they thought they were shouting with one person than participants told they were shouting in a group, demonstrating which effect?

A) social inhibition
B) evaluation apprehension
C) social labouring
D) social loafing

Question 21

The tendency perceivers have to assume that others present will take personal responsibility for a situation, absolving the perceiver of personal responsibility, is known as ______.

A) depersonalisation
B) evaluation apprehension
C) deindividualisation
D) diffusion of responsibility

Question 22

In individualistic cultures, the most effective leaders are those who ______.

A) foster positive relationships between group members
B) encourage a cooperative, cohesive working atmosphere
C) reward the achievements of individuals
D) none of these

Question 23

Lippitt and White (1943) conducted a study in which they compared democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles. The results show that groups with democratic leaders were the most productive, while groups with autocratic leaders were more productive when the leader was ______ and groups with laissez-faire leaders were more productive when the leader was ______.

A) present; not present
B) not present; present
C) flexible; inflexible
D) inflexible; flexible

Question 24

Democratic leaders can be categorised as ______ in task focus and ______ in socio-emotional focus.

A) high; low
B) low; high
C) high, high
D) low, low

Question 25

Transformational leaders ______.

A) are charismatic
B) engender commitment among group members
C) often take the group in a dramatic new direction
D) all of these

Question 26

Encouraging group members to think in novel ways in order to solve problems and issues faced by the group is known as ______.

A) task-focused
B) charisma
C) individualised consideration
D) intellectual consideration

Question 27

Fielder developed the least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale to determine which type of leadership style people orientated towards. Individuals rated as high LPC can be classified as ______ leaders, whereas individuals rated as low LPC can be classified as ______ leaders.

A) high-quality; low-quality
B) low-quality; high-quality
C) socio-emotional focused; task focused
D) task focused; socio-emotional focused

Question 28

The social identity approach suggests that the best leaders are ______.

A) socio-emotional focused
B) exchange-related
C) prototypical
D) task focused