Deck 12: The Police

Question 1

In the early North American colonies, who was the main source of juvenile justice?

A) parents
B) the police
C) the courts
D) religious leaders

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This is the temporary care of a child alleged to be delinquent who requires secure custody in physically restricting facilities pending court disposition or execution of a court order.

A) incarceration
B) detention
C) arrest
D) penalization

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the police did this.

A) rounded up kids for minor offenses then released them.
B) made most detention decisions.
C) decided which cases they would handle informally within their own departments.
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, juvenile policing was _____ policing.

A) order-maintenance
B) legalistic
C) zero-tolerance
D) community-oriented

Question 5

Whom does law enforcement protect?

A) dependent children
B) neglected children
C) delinquent children
D) all of the above

Question 6

Police management of juveniles is most often dictated by the courts, legislation, and officer _____.

A) rules
B) discretion
C) regulations
D) all of the above

Question 7

Who is typically the first contact that young victims and delinquents have with the juvenile justice system?

A) teachers
B) parents
C) police
D) social workers

Question 8

This is the completed or attempted theft of property or cash without the owner's consent.

A) stealing
B) robbery
C) larceny-theft
D) burglary

Question 9

Which is not a reason that juveniles are challenging to the police?

A) Juveniles are more likely than adults to hold negative attitudes toward the police.
B) Juveniles commit a small percentage of offenses.
C) The police only rarely deal with juveniles.
D) all of the above

Question 10

The police are indirectly guided by this, which states that juveniles are "taken into custody," not arrested.

A) discretion
B) federal law
C) In re Gault
D) the Juvenile Court Act

Question 11

If a teenager runs away from home to escape an abusive parent and steals a car while doing so, the teenager is both an offender and a victim. What is this an example of?

A) situational ambiguity
B) situational clarity
C) anomie
D) labeling theory

Question 12

Which units within police departments have the most contact with juveniles?

A) juvenile officers
B) patrol officers
C) special juvenile units
D) all of the above

Question 13

This person maintains a presence in one or more schools and seeks to develop a positive relationship between youths and the police.

A) gang-crime specialist
B) youth detective
C) school resource officer
D) patrol officer

Question 14

A police officer who catches a juvenile in a status offense might do this.

A) end the status offense and release the youth
B) take the youth into custody with formal charges and referral to juvenile court
C) take the youth into custody with release to parents
D) all of the above

Question 15

What is the most common way that juveniles enter the juvenile justice system?

A) parental complaint
B) police referral
C) school referral
D) none of the above

Question 16

This is when a police department deals with a juvenile's offense within the department, then releases the juvenile.

A) station adjustment
B) police disposition
C) referral
D) juvenile waiver

Question 17

Most juveniles taken into custody are referred to this.

A) another police agency
B) juvenile court
C) a welfare agency
D) all of the above

Question 18

In deciding to introduce a juvenile into the system, the custody must meet the standard of probable cause or _____.

A) beyond a reasonable doubt
B) preponderance of the evidence
C) clear and convincing evidence
D) reasonable suspicion

Question 19

Sometimes the police take into custody juveniles who aren't suspected of delinquency, such as in cases of _____.

A) abuse
B) neglect
C) dependency
D) all of the above

Question 20

An officer may conduct a search without a warrant or probable cause if the subject, either a juvenile or adult, _____.

A) gives consent
B) causes trouble
C) asks for a lawyer
D) calls the police

Question 21

Courts evaluate a juvenile's ability to give permission for a search by considering whether the search was voluntary based on this.

A) probable cause
B) reasonable suspicion
C) the time and location
D) the totality of circumstances

Question 22

The Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination extends to juveniles but is problematic. Why?

A) Many youths don't understand this constitutional protection.
B) Youths may admit to being guilty of the offenses for which they're being investigated without having the advice of a lawyer or their parents.
C) Youths may be tricked or coerced into confessing to things they didn't do.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Juveniles have the same _____ as adults: the right to remain silent, the right to counsel, the right to know the specific charge, and the right to confront witnesses.

A) Miranda rights
B) juvenile rights
C) human rights
D) civil rights

Question 24

Which amendment does the Supreme Court use to regulate police interrogation?

A) Fifth Amendment
B) Sixth Amendment
C) Fourteenth Amendment
D) all of the above

Question 25

This case represents the first time that the U.S. Supreme Court extended to juveniles the constitutional rights of adults, determining that juveniles must receive due process.

A) Yarborough v. Alvarado
B) Haley v. Ohio
C) Fare v. Michael C .
D) In re Gault

Question 26

In this case, the Supreme Court determined that only suspects who are in police custody require a Miranda warning.

A) Fare v. Michael C .
B) Haley v. Ohio
C) Yarborough v. Alvarado
D) J.D.B. v. North Carolina

Question 27

In this case, the Supreme Court determined that a juvenile's age is relevant in determining whether the youth is "in custody" for Miranda purposes.

A) Haley v. Ohio
B) Miranda v. Arizona
C) J.D.B. v. North Carolina
D) Yarborough v. Alvarado

Question 28

These rules, which vary by state, usually allow a juvenile to waive Miranda rights only after being informed of the right to consult with someone who is interested in his or her welfare.

A) Miranda
B) per se requirement
C) juvenile Miranda
D) reasonable suspicion rules

Question 29

The per se requirement might also be called this.

A) interested adult test
B) concerned adult test
C) friendly adult test
D) all of the above

Question 30

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act holds that states must comply with four "core protections" to receive grants. Which is not one of these protections?

A) Institutionalization of status offenders
B) Separation of juveniles from adults in institutions
C) Removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups
D) Reduction of disproportionate minority contact where it exists

Question 31

Which is not one of the three legal factors that most influence taking a juvenile into custody?

A) the seriousness of the offense
B) race and sex
C) frequency of the offense
D) prior or current involvement with the juvenile justice system

Question 32

Which situational factor do officers consider when dealing with juveniles?

A) attitude
B) style of policing
C) individual traits
D) all of the above

Question 33

This is the mental picture that many people have of what criminals look like.

A) actual assailant
B) symbolic assailant
C) symbolic offender
D) actual offender

Question 34

Generally, there are two aspects of the police treatment of juvenile girls. From the _____ aspect, girls get more lenient treatment than boys because they're presumed to be less dangerous.

A) chivalry
B) protection
C) equality
D) sexist

Question 35

This style of policing is aimed at re-establishing the positive relationship between police and citizens.

A) problem-oriented
B) zero-tolerance
C) broken windows
D) community

Question 36

The job of the police in managing delinquency is easy because they usually know the age of the suspect before they take action.

Question 37

The police are typically the first contact that young victims and delinquents have with the juvenile justice system.

Question 38

The police had a "juvenile revolution" much like the juvenile courts.

Question 39

Police must balance what is best for the youth with what is best for the community.

Question 40

In the early days of the juvenile court, the police could detain a juvenile for as long as they saw fit, with little court interference.

Question 41

A complicating issue when dealing with juveniles is that of determining if the subject is a juvenile.

Question 42

The larger a police department, the greater the likelihood that it will have specialized juvenile units.

Question 43

Police officers are often the first officials to become aware of cases of child abuse or neglect.

Question 44

Small police departments are likely to have juvenile officers assigned solely to motor vehicle theft, homicide, drugs, gangs, or juveniles.

Question 45

Police must have probable cause or a warrant to take a juvenile into custody.

Question 46

The police may not take into custody juveniles who are not suspected of an offense.

Question 47

There is no set age at which a juvenile is considered to be able to consent to a search.

Question 48

Juveniles have the same Miranda rights as adults.

Question 49

Miranda rights do not apply in casual conversations with police officers or when the subject hasn't been arrested.

Question 50

Police officers may fingerprint or photograph youths, or collect their DNA.