Deck 7: Female Delinquency

Question 1

Until recently, the popular view of juvenile delinquency was formed by looking at the antisocial behavior of _____.

A) females
B) males
C) both males and females
D) adults

Answer 1

B

Question 2

It's important to study female delinquency for three reasons. Which is not one of these?

A) There is less female delinquency than there used to be.
B) Females are rarely the victims of crime and delinquency.
C) Much of male offending is a result of age issues.
D) none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why is the study of female delinquency important?

A) Females are often the victims of crime and delinquency.
B) Female crime and delinquency are on the rise.
C) Much of male offending is a result of gender issues.
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In Durkheim's terminology, sex roles in the 21st century are experiencing a state of _____.

A) strain
B) anomie
C) labeling
D) violence

Question 5

Historically, both females and males have been constrained by this.

A) strain
B) law enforcement
C) anomie
D) gender roles

Question 6

This is the biological designation of "male" or "female."

A) genetics
B) gender
C) sex
D) heredity

Question 7

This refers to the characteristics attributed to and accorded to males and females by their societies and cultures.

A) sex
B) genetics
C) gender
D) none of the above

Question 8

_____ determines sex. _____ determines gender.

A) Society; Biology
B) Biology; Society
C) Biology; Labeling
D) Labeling; Society

Question 9

Unraveling the influence of physical and social development of females is difficult because of the _____ that societies enforce.

A) sex roles
B) laws
C) gender roles
D) norms

Question 10

The greatest differences in the maturation of girls and boys don't appear until _____.

A) fetal stage
B) infancy
C) early childhood
D) adolescence

Question 11

The act of thinking about one's processes and means of thinking.

A) metacognition
B) cognition
C) ignition
D) metacarpals

Question 12

This occurs when youths become so absorbed in their own lives that they are unable to view the world from other perspectives.

A) adolescent egocentrism
B) puberty
C) teen spirit
D) teen angst

Question 13

How does the pattern of female delinquency differ from that of male delinquency?

A) It differs across age.
B) It differs across type.
C) It differs across seriousness.
D) all of the above

Question 14

Which form of delinquency do girls commit more than boys?

A) fighting
B) running away from home
C) selling illegal drugs
D) vandalism

Question 15

This early theorist believed female offending to be a result of the biological nature of women.

A) Walsh
B) Darwin
C) Lombroso
D) Beccaria

Question 16

According to this idea, early-maturing girls are more eager to seek out adult status, independence, and possibly an escape from a negative family situation.

A) chivalry hypothesis
B) maturation disparity hypothesis
C) labeling theory
D) liberation hypothesis

Question 17

This is the study of the relationships between people, their behavior, their social groups, and their environment.

A) strain theory
B) social ecology
C) classical school
D) positivist school

Question 18

Lombroso found fewer _____ in females than in males and essentially concluded that female offenders were very much like female non-offenders.

A) atavisms
B) ectomorphs
C) evil thoughts
D) crime genes

Question 19

According to labeling theory, this is the label put on girls, such as "tramp," "slut," or "thief," which encourages others to treat her that way.

A) primary deviance
B) tertiary deviance
C) secondary deviance
D) all of the above

Question 20

Which turning point (from life-course theory) is specific to girls?

A) academic failure
B) early puberty
C) impoverishment
D) bad neighborhoods

Question 21

Which phrase best describes the phenomenon that much of what we know about the world is a result of research that has focused on males and generalized to females?

A) Gender is knowledge.
B) Knowledge is gendered.
C) Knowledge is generalized.
D) Male focus is best.

Question 22

Daly and Chesney-Lind's work can be differentiated from traditional criminology because it focuses on five features. Which is not one of these?

A) Gender is a natural fact.
B) Gender and gender relations order social life and social institutions in fundamental ways.
C) Systems of knowledge reflect men's views of the natural and social world.
D) Women should be at the center of intellectual inquiry.

Question 23

Liberal feminists make two critiques about how gender influences crime and delinquency. One critique concerns the way that boys and girls are socialized into adult roles. What is the other?

A) Women control power and privilege in society.
B) Men control power and privilege in society.
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Question 24

This perspective would wipe out many of the patriarchal structures that put women at such a disadvantage in obtaining positions of power and in controlling their own destinies.

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) first-wave feminism
D) radical feminism

Question 25

According to this perspective, social class and gender are both used to deny women access to positions of power in society.

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) first-wave feminism
D) radical feminism

Question 26

According to Adler's _____, as females gain more power in society, they will break the law more often and commit the types of offenses believed to be the province of males.

A) radical feminist hypothesis
B) freedom theory
C) socialist feminist theory
D) liberation hypothesis

Question 27

According to Chesney-Lind, what factors are at work in the appearance of increased girls' delinquency?

A) relabeling
B) rediscovery
C) upcriming
D) all of the above

Question 28

How do many females become involved with the juvenile or criminal justice system for the first time?

A) as victims
B) as offenders
C) as police officers
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which can put girls in contact with the juvenile justice system?

A) economic marginality
B) association with a gang
C) drug and alcohol use
D) all of the above

Question 30

This theory states that the justice system treats girls more leniently than boys because girls are considered to be weaker, helpless, and less threatening.

A) feminist theory
B) XYY theory
C) chivalry hypothesis
D) liberation hypothesis

Question 31

Criminal and juvenile justice officials use discretion at many points in the system. Which is not one of these?

A) decisions made by law enforcement officers
B) pre-trial incarceration
C) disposition
D) predisposition court decisions

Question 32

Who is the first contact a girl has with the juvenile justice system?

A) teachers
B) social workers
C) the police
D) judges

Question 33

In what way are the police more likely to treat a girl differently than a boy?

A) A girl is more likely to be placed in handcuffs.
B) A girl is more likely to be questioned about her sexual activities.
C) A girl is more likely to be questioned about the law she is suspected of having broken.
D) all of the above

Question 34

Once adjudicated delinquent, who is more likely to be committed to a residential correctional facility?

A) boys
B) girls
C) Both boys and girls are equally likely to be committed.
D) Juveniles are no longer committed.

Question 35

Why should delinquents be treated differently according to gender?

A) There are fewer female delinquents than male delinquents.
B) Girls commit less serious delinquency than boys.
C) Privacy concerns dictate separate facilities.
D) all of the above

Question 36

Females break the law more often than males.

Question 37

Sex roles in the 21st century are experiencing a state of anomie.

Question 38

Gender is determined by biology.

Question 39

Males and females have similar experiences with the criminal and juvenile justice systems.

Question 40

There is less female delinquency than male delinquency.

Question 41

Girls will commit just about every antisocial act that boys will, but at a much reduced level.

Question 42

Female delinquency has long been considered a serious social problem.

Question 43

At one time, the behavior of females was considered deviant to the extent that it differed from that of males.

Question 44

The history of research on the psychological nature of female delinquency has been very accurate.

Question 45

Feminist scholars have found that females' pathways to crime and delinquency are often very different than for males.

Question 46

In lawbreaking activities in which both young women and young men are involved, females are never constrained by the social expectations of their male partners.

Question 47

Because the juvenile justice system handles markedly fewer girls than boys, the system has more alternatives for processing and sentencing girls.

Question 48

Judges are more likely to release girls than boys to their parents if the home is deemed to be a suitable place.

Question 49

Girls are more likely to be sentenced to detention, and boys are more likely to be sentenced to probation.

Question 50

The disparity of treatment in the juvenile justice system between boys and girls is a reflection of society's values that girls are more vulnerable than boys and need greater protection.