Deck 2: The Control of Children

Question 1

Which is not a reason that youths of past generations assumed adult responsibilities sooner than youths do today?

A) longevity
B) cultural pressure
C) more jobs
D) economic pressure

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the framework of rules and customs that a society collectively applies to the individuals within it to maintain order?

A) sociological imagination
B) social control
C) patriarchy
D) laws

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Postman, who developed an idea of childhood that surpassed that of the Greeks?

A) The English
B) The Chinese
C) The Americans
D) The Romans

Answer 3

D

Question 4

By what time in England did the Church and common law clearly distinguish between adults and children?

A) the 2nd century
B) the 20th century
C) the 12th century
D) the 18th century

Question 5

_____ is a system of inheritance in which the oldest son receives the entire estate.

A) Socialization
B) Primogeniture
C) Patriarchy
D) Adjudication

Question 6

_____ can be defined as situations in which men hold power and authority in political, religious, legal, educational, military, and domestic areas.

A) Patriarchy
B) Matriarchy
C) Polygamy
D) Monogamy

Question 7

What is the process by which people learn the norms, values, and culture of their society?

A) socialism
B) adjudication
C) education
D) socialization

Question 8

What is one indication of successful socialization?

A) patriarchy
B) impulsivity
C) incorrigibility
D) self-discipline

Question 9

The General Court of Massachusetts Bay created a law that provided for the _____ of children who disobeyed their parents.

A) banishment
B) spanking
C) lecturing
D) execution

Question 10

About when did several social reform movements arise in an attempt to improve social conditions for children?

A) from the late 19th century to the early 20th century
B) mid-20th century
C) 18th century
D) late 20th century

Question 11

In the late 19th century, American society tried to help impoverished youth by sending them west on _____.

A) youth trains
B) orphan trains
C) freight trains
D) wagon trains

Question 12

What is one purpose that "placing-out" served?

A) providing labor for farms and ranches
B) providing a good education
C) removing impoverished children from small towns
D) all of the above

Question 13

What is the most likely reason that the orphan trains stopped?

A) Some children went to exploitative homes.
B) The new homes didn't correct the children's behavior.
C) The destination states no longer needed people.
D) Some children lost contact with their biological families.

Question 14

In the early 20th century, _____ were started by wealthy philanthropists to get children off the streets and help curb social disorder.

A) homeless shelters
B) orphan trains
C) houses of refuge
D) orphanages

Question 15

This case reinforced the doctrine of parens patriae and the increasing power of the juvenile court.

A) Commonwealth v. Fisher
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Ex parte Crouse
D) In re Gault

Question 16

The _____ were a group of philanthropists, feminists, and social reformers who helped to develop the early juvenile court.

A) child-savers
B) reformists
C) orphan-trainers
D) all of the above

Question 17

The child-savers wanted to save troubled youngsters by ensuring that they adopted _____.

A) upper-class values
B) middle-class values
C) lower-class values
D) all of the above

Question 18

Which was not part of the juvenile court's philosophy in terms of reformatories?

A) The segregation of youths from adult criminals
B) The incarceration of delinquents for their own good and protection
C) Inmates must be kept still and quiet.
D) Delinquents should go to reformatories without trial.

Question 19

At the beginning of the 19th century, three ideas took root that nurtured later child-saving activities and Progressive-era reforms took root. Which is not one of these?

A) the "best interests of the child" doctrine.
B) the "tender years" doctrine
C) parens patriae
D) the hierarchy rule

Question 20

Who were most of the children on orphan trains?

A) white males
B) black males
C) white females
D) black females

Question 21

During which period did child-saving evolve?

A) from the 1790s to the 1840s when reformers began creating institutions
B) during the Civil War, when reformers called on the state's police powers to protect children
C) during the Progressive Era 1890-1920, when child-savers made children's welfare a public issue
D) all of the above

Question 22

Which group of reformers expanded high school and helped to enact the first effective compulsory school-attendance laws?

A) Progressive-era reformers
B) Civil War-era reformers
C) 18th-century reformers
D) all of the above

Question 23

Who created the New York Children's Aid Society orphan-train placing-out system?

A) Charles Addams
B) Charles Loring Brace
C) Charles Chaplin
D) Jane Addams

Question 24

What finally put an end to the era of the orphanage?

A) the Great Depression
B) World War I
C) Prohibition
D) World War II

Question 25

What was the most important difference between houses of refuge and reform schools?

A) Houses of refuge were safer than reform schools.
B) Houses of refuge were more inclusive than reform schools.
C) Reform schools tended to be located in rural areas and were publicly financed and administered state institutions.
D) Houses of refuge were only for orphans, and reform schools were only for juvenile delinquents.

Question 26

Which reform did Progressives advocate?

A) quality education
B) safe environments
C) efficient, humane workplaces
D) all of the above

Question 27

During the 1870s, doctors suspected this contaminated substance to be responsible for many infant deaths.

A) water
B) food
C) milk
D) air

Question 28

How long did reformers' original vision of the juvenile court-protecting juveniles at the expense of their civil rights-last?

A) until the 1930s
B) until the 1990s
C) until the 1960s
D) It remains until today.

Question 29

Some mainstream child-saving institutions did attempt to include black youths, but what prevented this?

A) federal law
B) state laws
C) societal prejudices
D) all of the above

Question 30

This refers to a contract binding a person into the service of another for a specified term.

A) denture
B) adventure
C) indenture
D) employment

Question 31

By 1918, how many states had compulsory education laws?

A) 50
B) 42
C) 48
D) 37

Question 32

What were some common complaints concerning the orphan trains?

A) the children were being treated as slaves
B) the states were being flooded with juvenile delinquents
C) the children were being converted from their original religions
D) all of the above

Question 33

The contribution Freud made to understanding children's minds was the dismissal of Locke's notion that children's brains were a _____.

A) tabula rasa
B) sub rosa
C) in vitro
D) all of the above

Question 34

Because people live longer today, parents don't invest much time in preparing children for adulthood.

Question 35

The concept of childhood has undergone a radical transformation over the centuries.

Question 36

Most states grant adult rights and responsibilities at age 23.

Question 37

The early "stubborn child law" directed families to control their children in the interests of society.

Question 38

Many juvenile social reform movements developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a time of general social upheaval in the United States.

Question 39

"Placing-out" sent impoverished children from farms into the city for work.

Question 40

New York's first house of refuge was also the first juvenile reformatory in the United States.

Question 41

According to C. Wright Mills, many early sociologists considered the process of urbanization to be a healthy thing.

Question 42

The Massachusetts State Industrial School for Girls taught girls and young women skills for becoming farmhands and mechanics.

Question 43

There has always been a double standard in how males and females are accorded rights, responsibilities, and protections.

Question 44

Most of the youths on the trains weren't orphans.

Question 45

The Progressive Era in the United States lasted from approximately 1920 to 1950.

Question 46

Progressives espoused Social Darwinism.

Question 47

Progressives saw adolescence as a "sacred period."

Question 48

American youngsters are better off now than ever in terms of longevity, justice, medical care, social mobility, and the chance to get an education