Deck 7: Contemporary Strategies in Policing

Question 1

In the two decades leading up to the 21st century, the police have changed to ______.

A) a more closed community
B) an incident-driven community
C) a reactive bureaucracy
D) a quality-oriented partnership with the community

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Community policing is NOT directed solely at addressing problems that cannot be addressed by ______.

A) traditional policing methods
B) saturated patrol
C) aggressive patrol
D) crime mapping

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following refers to the process of hiring more nonofficers within police agencies?

A) areal specialization
B) police-community reciprocity
C) civilianization
D) reorientation of patrol

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ refers to the establishment of substations, mini-stations, and other attempts to increase interaction between police officers and the public they serve in a particular geographic area.

A) Hot-spot policing
B) Areal decentralization of command
C) Reciprocity
D) Civilianization

Question 5

Traditional police agencies tend to be characterized by which of the following?

A) unionization
B) partnerships
C) professionalism
D) service orientations

Question 6

______ refers to a "genuine feeling" on the part of the police that the public they serve has something to contribute to policing.

A) Hot-spot policing
B) Areal decentralization of command
C) Reciprocity
D) Police-community reciprocity

Question 7

______ involves moving from car to foot patrol to increase police interaction with other citizens.

A) Hot-spot policing
B) Areal decentralization of command
C) Reorientation of patrol
D) Police-community reciprocity

Question 8

Which of the following statements pertaining to community-oriented policing is NOT true?

A) It is a philosophy based on the belief that law-abiding citizens should have input with respect to policing, provided they are willing to participate in and support the effort.
B) Community policing is an organizational strategy that requires all police personnel (civilian and sworn) to explore ways to turn the philosophy into practice.
C) Police departments that implement community policing must develop community-policing officers (CPOs) to act as links between the police and community residents.
D) Community policing is reactive and is intended to help improve the quality of life for those who are most vulnerable, such as the poor, the elderly, and the homeless.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding community-oriented policing is true?

A) It is cosmetic.
B) It must involve the entire department.
C) It is soft on crime.
D) It is antitechnology.

Question 10

In community-oriented policing, patrol officers become all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

A) liaisons
B) ombudsmen
C) problem solvers
D) political mobilizers

Question 11

Which of the following is regarded by the authors of your text as "one of the most promising police strategies"?

A) broken windows policing
B) directed patrol
C) problem-oriented policing
D) community-oriented policing

Question 12

Which of the following strategies focuses on the fact that some community-police issues are best addressed through the development of unique approaches or thinking outside the box.

A) creative policing
B) solution-oriented policing
C) rabbit-out-of-a-hat policing
D) pulling levers policing

Question 13

Problem-oriented policing involves the use of four problem-solving stages, also known as the SARA model. What does the acronym stand for?

A) scanning, analysis, response, allocate
B) searching, analysis, research, assess
C) scanning, assessing, researching, arriving
D) scanning, analysis, response, assessment

Question 14

The emphasis on ______ is one of the main features that distinguishes problem-oriented policing from community-oriented policing.

A) strategy
B) solving
C) implementation
D) application

Question 15

The concept of problem-oriented policing originated in ______.

A) 1956
B) 1964
C) 1971
D) 1979

Question 16

Which of the following become the basic unit of police work with POP?

A) problems
B) crimes
C) calls
D) incidents

Question 17

______ refers to identifying the problem in terms of time, location, and behavior.

A) analysis
B) scanning
C) response
D) assessment

Question 18

______ means answering who, what, where, when, how, and why questions.

A) Analysis
B) Scanning
C) Response
D) Assessment

Question 19

______ refers to the development of alternative problem-solving approaches and the selection of those most appropriate.

A) Analysis
B) Scanning
C) Response
D) Assessment

Question 20

______ means evaluating the selected response to determine its effectiveness.

A) Analysis
B) Scanning
C) Response
D) Assessment

Question 21

______ focuses on addressing some police-community issues through unique approaches or thinking outside the box.

A) Problem-oriented policing
B) Solution-oriented policing
C) Community-oriented policing
D) Crime-fighting-oriented policing

Question 22

In 2013, ______ of municipal police departments had a mission statement that includes community policing.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 23

A major issue with many community-oriented policing programs is that they are merely deploying officers in neighborhoods on foot patrol, as opposed to incorporating the philosophy of community policing into the initiative. Thus, these departments embrace the ______ but do not employ the practice of community policing.

A) mandate
B) rhetoric
C) policy
D) law

Question 24

Research can be categorized according to all of the following dimensions of crime prevention EXCEPT for ______.

A) the nature of the target
B) the extent to which the strategy is proactive or practice
C) the specificity or generality of the strategy
D) the character of the police officers

Question 25

Approaches that are ______ appear to be much more promising in crime prevention.

A) place based
B) reactive
C) individual based
D) general

Question 26

CompStat originated in ______.

A) California
B) Ohio
C) Texas
D) New York

Question 27

CompStat is composed of all of the following principles EXCEPT for ______.

A) effective strategies
B) relentless follow-up and assessment
C) quick intelligence
D) specific objectives

Question 28

______ is a conceptual framework and an information-gathering process that builds on the major developments in the last two decades of the 20th century, including COP and POP.

A) Situational crime prevention
B) Differential response policing
C) Intelligence-led policing
D) Alternative policing strategy

Question 29

______ is a useful strategy that can help law enforcement agencies better prepare for and prevent serious violent crime and acts of terror by taking advantage of the partnerships built through COP.

A) ILP
B) POP
C) CAPS
D) INOP

Question 30

Intelligence-led policing focuses on ______.

A) serious crime offenders and recidivists
B) nonviolent offenders and serious crime offenders
C) recidivists and probationers
D) parolees and probationers

Question 31

______ involves a scientific method of discovery to support an informed decision-making process.

A) Hot-spot policing
B) Problem-oriented policing
C) Evidence-based policing
D) Intelligence-led policing

Question 32

If you are an officer in a department and your senior officer has assigned you to patrol an area where several abandoned houses are frequently used for illicit activity, you are being sent to which of the following?

A) A war zone
B) A neighborhood watch
C) A hot spot
D) A storefront office

Question 33

Research has revealed that ______ can have a meaningful effect on crime without simply displacing it to nearby areas. It involves locating geographic areas in which there are clusters of criminal activities and focusing on that particular area.

A) third-party policing
B) hot-spot policing
C) differential response policing
D) crime prevention through environmental design

Question 34

______ involve geographic areas with clusters of criminal offenses occurring within a specific interval of time.

A) Hot spots
B) Crackdowns
C) Crime maps
D) Stop and frisks

Question 35

______ is a possible approach to crime prevention in which a geographic area is saturated with enforcement activities for all crimes, not just for specific crimes.

A) Differential response policing
B) Third-party policing
C) Pulling levers policing
D) Directed patrol

Question 36

Directed patrol works with ______ strategies to help saturate high crime areas.

A) rehabilitative
B) deterrence
C) incapacitation
D) restorative

Question 37

Directed patrol with targeted deterrence strategies would focus patrol officers on all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

A) specific behaviors
B) individuals
C) places
D) times

Question 38

A community service officer (CSO) is a component of which type of response strategy?

A) directed patrol
B) crackdown
C) situational crime prevention
D) differential response

Question 39

______ involves rejecting the idea of dispatching each request for assistance or service in the order the call is received.

A) Evidence-based policing
B) Direct patrol policing
C) Hot-spot policing
D) Differential response policing

Question 40

______ refers to an increase in the number of police targeted toward a particular crime (but not necessarily a particular area). When this type of strategy is implemented, evidence suggests that immediate crime prevention benefits are likely.

A) Hot-spot policing
B) Directed patrol
C) Crackdown
D) Saturated patrol

Question 41

Saturation patrol increases police ______.

A) transparency
B) accountability
C) loyalty
D) visibility

Question 42

Third-party policing is most often used in areas that are known for ______.

A) prostitution
B) drugs
C) arson
D) thefts

Question 43

Most agree that reducing opportunities and increasing risk center around five major strategies. Which of the following is one of the strategies?

A) Create optional excuses for committing the crime.
B) Reduce the reward derived from the crime.
C) Increase the provocation.
D) Increase the manpower of police agencies.

Question 44

Determining the motivation of the criminal act, eliminating the reward, and focusing on the opportunity for misconduct and not the individual offender is an example of ______.

A) situational crime prevention
B) intelligence-led policing
C) evidence-based policing
D) crime prevention through environmental design

Question 45

______ focuses on reducing crime by reducing crime opportunities and increasing risk to the offenders.

A) Differential response policing
B) Hot-spot policing
C) Situational crime prevention
D) Directed patrol

Question 46

______ involves schools, banks, businesses, housing, and so on being constructed in such a way that potential offenders are discouraged from targeting them as a result of the materials employed, the use of open spaces and lighting, the location of the buildings, and a variety of other factors.

A) ICS
B) POP
C) COP
D) CPTED

Question 47

Which innovative approach to policing involves concentrating more attention on the relatively small number of chronic offenders who commit a disproportionate amount of crime?

A) Pulling levers policing
B) Broken windows policing
C) Evidence-based policing
D) CompStat policing

Question 48

Which of the following is considered to be an important segment of the pulling levels policing approach?

A) training
B) education
C) communication
D) diversity

Question 49

Which theory of policing suggests that a reduction in minor crimes will lead to a reduction in violent crimes? This approach suggests that order maintenance can be a major factor in crime control.

A) evidence-based policing
B) pulling levers policing
C) saturated patrol
D) broken windows policing

Question 50

Which strategic model of policing emphasizes applying policies fairly such that the public believes in the legitimacy of the police department as an institution in its community?

A) differential response
B) the procedural justice model
C) evidence-based policing
D) intelligence-led policing

Question 51

If you as an officer working in a community-policing program speak to members of the community in a fashion that reiterates the importance of their contribution to policing in their neighborhood, you are employing the notion of police-community reciprocity in your interaction.

Question 52

When implemented correctly, community-police partnerships aim to change how people within the community think of the role of police.

Question 53

Community policing tends to be a top-down approach.

Question 54

Policing has just emerged from what has been known as the strategic management era.

Question 55

Some people believe that policing has entered the Homeland Security era.

Question 56

Community-oriented policing is a guiding philosophy and holistic approach to policing, whereas problem-oriented policing is a strategy for solving problems.

Question 57

Problem-oriented policing represents a dramatic change from community-oriented policing.

Question 58

A 2009 study on the effectiveness of community-oriented policing found that many of the strategies employed, such as storefront offices, community meetings, and neighborhood watch programs, generally lead to a reduction in serious crime.

Question 59

The paradox of community-oriented policing is that it may work best in highly mobile and heterogeneous neighborhoods.

Question 60

Available evidence seems to indicate that, although people involved in community policing efforts feel more secure, crime is not significantly reduced.

Question 61

One of the major advantages of community policing is that the cost to implement it is relatively low.

Question 62

A criticism of community policing is that it could enhance the possibility of corruption.

Question 63

Police build legitimacy by consistently straying from fair procedure.

Question 64

Crime rates are influenced by a complex mix of factors, including unemployment, education, drug epidemics, and demographic shifts.

Question 65

CompStat is a comprehensive, continuous analysis of results for improvement and achieving prescribed outcomes.

Question 66

CompStat gives police command staff most of the responsibility for reducing crime.

Question 67

CompStat is known for being very effective.

Question 68

Intelligence-led policing (ILP) could be described as a conceptual framework and an "information-gathering process that allows police agencies to better understand their crime problems and take a measure of resources available to be able to decide on an enforcement tactic or prevention strategy best designed to control crime."

Question 69

ILP is informant and surveillance based with respect to recidivists and serious crime offenders.

Question 70

Implementing intelligence-led policing is easy in the United States.

Question 71

Direct patrol involves a scientific method of discovery to support an informed decision-making process.

Question 72

There will always be barriers to research-based policing.

Question 73

Hot-spot policing involves rejecting the idea of dispatching each request for assistance or service in the order the call is received.

Question 74

Crime hot spots involve geographic areas with clusters of criminal offenses occurring within a specific interval of time.

Question 75

Research has revealed that hot-spot policing can have a meaningful effect on crime without simply displacing crime to nearby areas.

Question 76

Directed patrol involves increasing police presence in a specified area.

Question 77

Community service officers are sworn employees who perform duties similar to a police officer.

Question 78

Saturation patrol increases police visibility.

Question 79

Crackdown refers to an increase in the number of police targeted toward a specific type of law violation.

Question 80

Third-party policing is most often used in areas where there is a high murder rate.