Question 1

What is compartmentalization?&#10;A) Location of different cellular compartments within cell.&#10;B) Distribution of elements inside and outside the cell as well as between different cellular compartments.&#10;C) Distribution of an element among different chemical species.

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization refers to the distribution of elements inside and outside the cell as well as between different cellular compartments, allowing for specialized functions and processes within the cell.

Question 2

Sodium/potassium pump A) maintains the concentration gradient of Na⁺ and K⁺ inside and outside the cell. B) is a passive Na⁺/K⁺ transporter. C) removes K⁺ from the cell and imports Na⁺ into the cell.

Accepted Answer

The sodium/potassium pump actively maintains the concentration gradients of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the cell membrane, pumping Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, which is essential for many cellular processes.

Question 3

Identify the correct statement: A) Ca²⁺ is used in signalling because of its selectivity for only very specific binding sites. B) Binding of Ca²⁺ to calmodulin deactivates this enzyme. C) Calcium signalling proteins are small proteins that change their tertiary structure upon Ca²⁺ binding.

Accepted Answer

Calcium signaling proteins, such as calmodulin, indeed undergo a change in their tertiary structure upon binding to calcium ions. This structural change allows them to interact with and regulate other proteins, playing a crucial role in various cellular processes.

Question 4

Bacteria secret _________________ in order to acquire iron from the environment.&#10;A) ionophore&#10;B) siderophore&#10;C) uptake proteins

Accepted Answer

Bacteria secrete siderophores to scavenge iron from the environment. Siderophores are specialized molecules that bind tightly to iron and are then recognized and taken up by bacterial transport systems, facilitating iron acquisition.

Question 5

Which transition metals are used in proteins that transport oxygen?&#10;A) Cu and Fe&#10;B) Co and Ni&#10;C) Cu and Mn

Accepted Answer

Cu (copper) and Fe (iron) are the transition metals used in proteins that transport oxygen. Hemoglobin and myoglobin, which contain iron, are examples of such proteins, while hemocyanin, which contains copper, is found in some mollusks and arthropods.

Question 6

Find the correct statement(s):
(i) The electron transport proteins contain Cu and Fe metals.
(ii) For efficient electron transport, both the Gibbs energy and the reorganization energy have to be low.
(iii) Electron transport chains exist only in organisms that use O₂ as oxidizing agent.

A) (ii) and (iii)
B) (i) and (iii)
C) (i) and (ii)

Accepted Answer

(i) The electron transport chain (ETC) indeed contains proteins with metal centers, including copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), which are crucial for the transfer of electrons through the chain. (ii) For efficient electron transport, it is necessary for both the Gibbs energy (ΔG) to be favorable (negative) for the reaction to proceed spontaneously and the reorganization energy to be low to facilitate efficient electron transfer between molecules.

Question 7

Zinc has several roles in living system. In which role you will not find this metal?&#10;A) structural&#10;B) catalytic&#10;C) electron transfer

Accepted Answer

Zinc is primarily known for its structural and catalytic roles in biological systems, such as in the structure of proteins and enzymes. However, it is not directly involved in electron transfer processes, which are typically the domain of metals like iron and copper in biological systems.

Question 8

Enzymes containing vitamin B₁₂ are involved in A) radical reactions. B) acid-base catalysis. C) electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes containing vitamin B12 are involved in radical reactions. Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a cofactor in various enzymes that catalyze radical reactions, where it facilitates the transfer of methyl groups or the rearrangement of hydrogen atoms.

Question 9

Mo and W are involved in oxygen atom transfer as&#10;A) oxygen atom acceptors.&#10;B) oxygen atom donors.&#10;C) centres for activation of O=O bonds.

Accepted Answer

Mo and W are often involved in redox reactions where they accept oxygen atoms, functioning as oxygen atom acceptors.

Question 10

What is the role of zinc fingers?&#10;A) Zinc fingers are involved in metal transport.&#10;B) Zinc fingers are involved in regulation of gene expression.&#10;C) Zinc fingers are involved in detoxification/removal of excess zinc ions form the cell.

Accepted Answer

Zinc fingers are protein domains that can bind to DNA, RNA, or other proteins, and they play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression by acting as transcription factors. They help in recognizing specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.

Deck 26: Biological Inorganic Chemistry