Question 1

The differences between d block metals and the metals of the s and p block are generally due to&#10;A) differences in atomic sizes&#10;B) presence of d electrons&#10;C) change in ionization energies.

Accepted Answer

The primary difference between d block metals and s and p block metals is the presence of d electrons in the d block elements. These d electrons contribute to the unique chemical and physical properties of transition metals, such as variable oxidation states and colored compounds, distinguishing them from s and p block metals.

Question 2

Find the correct statement(s) about the Group 3 elements:
(i) The only important oxidation state for this group is +3.
(ii) The oxides of the Group 3 elements are basic.
(iii) These metals are generally non-reactive.

A) All statements are correct.
B) (i) and (ii) are correct
C) (ii) and (iii) are correct.

B

Accepted Answer

(i) The +3 oxidation state is indeed the most important and common for Group 3 elements, reflecting their electron configuration. (ii) The oxides of Group 3 elements (like Sc2O3, Y2O3, and La2O3) are generally basic, reacting with acids to form salts and water. However, (iii) is incorrect because Group 3 metals, including scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum, are reactive, especially when finely divided or heated, reacting with water, acids, and halogens.

Question 3

Identify the correct statement about the Group 4 elements:&#10;A) The organometallic compounds of the Group 4 elements are frequently used in catalysis.&#10;B) The elements of Group 4 do not form complexes with hard donor atoms.&#10;C) The Group 4 elements are chalcophiles.

Accepted Answer

Group 4 elements, which include titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf), are known for forming stable organometallic compounds. These compounds are widely used in catalysis, particularly in processes like olefin polymerization.

Question 4

The coordination chemistry of vanadium is dominated by _______ species that coordinates commonly ________ more monodentate ligands. A) V(III); six B) V₂O₃⁴⁺; six C) VO²⁺; four

Accepted Answer

The answer of The coordination chemistry of vanadium is dominated...

Question 5

The most stable oxidation state for chromium is _________ while for tungsten ________ is the most stable oxidation state.&#10;A) +2; +4&#10;B) +6; +5&#10;C) +3; +6

Accepted Answer

Chromium most commonly exhibits a +3 oxidation state, which is very stable due to the half-filled d^3 configuration providing extra stability. Tungsten, being in the same group as chromium but in the 6th period, most commonly exhibits a +6 oxidation state, which is its most stable oxidation state, reflecting the stability of achieving a noble gas electron configuration.

Question 6

Find the correct statement about oxides of the Group 7 elements:&#10;A) Manganese forms oxides only in lower oxidation states, i.e. +2, and +3.&#10;B) Technetium and rhenium form oxides in higher oxidation states, +4, +6 and +7.&#10;C) For all Group 7 elements oxides in oxidation states from 2 to 7 are well known.

Accepted Answer

Technetium and rhenium, unlike manganese, form oxides in higher oxidation states such as +4, +6, and +7. This is because they have a wider range of stable oxidation states compared to the lighter elements in Group 7, which typically do not form stable oxides in such high oxidation states.

Question 7

Identify the correct statement(s);
(i) All Group 8 elements can easily achieve the group's maximum oxidation state +8.
(ii) RuO₄ and OsO₄ are very volatile.
(iii) Ruthenium organometallic compounds are important in catalysis.

A) (ii) and (iii)
B) (i) and (iii)
C) (i) and (ii)

Accepted Answer

(ii) is incorrect because RuO4 and OsO4, not RuO₄ and OsO₄, are very volatile. (i) is incorrect because not all Group 8 elements can easily achieve the +8 oxidation state; it's more common for Ru and Os. (iii) is correct as ruthenium organometallic compounds are indeed important in catalysis, for example, in hydrogenation reactions.

Question 8

The chemistry of the Group 9 elements is dominated by _____ oxidation state.&#10;A) +2&#10;B) +3&#10;C) +6

Accepted Answer

The chemistry of Group 9 elements (which includes cobalt, rhodium, and iridium) is dominated by the +3 oxidation state. This is due to their electronic configuration, which allows them to lose three electrons to achieve a stable electronic arrangement.

Question 9

What are the most common oxidation states for the Group 11 elements?&#10;A) +2 for all of them.&#10;B) +2 for Cu, and +1 for Ag and Au&#10;C) +2 for Cu, +1 for Ag and +3 for Au

Accepted Answer

Group 11 elements, which include copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au), commonly exhibit the oxidation states of +2 for Cu, +1 for Ag, and both +1 and +3 for Au, with +3 being significant for gold in many of its compounds.

Question 10

What sets mercury apart from other Group 12 elements? (i) It is a liquid. (ii) It is toxic. (iii) It forms Hg₂²⁺ cation with Hg-Hg bond. A) (i) and (iii) B) (i) and (ii) C) (ii) and (iii)

Accepted Answer

Mercury is unique among Group 12 elements because it is the only element that is a liquid at room temperature and it forms a diatomic cation, Hg2^2+, which contains a mercury-mercury bond. While toxicity is a characteristic of mercury, it is not unique to mercury within Group 12 elements, as others can also be toxic.

Deck 19: The D-Block Elements