Deck 12: Interest Groups and Foreign Policy

Question 1

Which of the following types of elections received the lowest voter turnout in any developed democracy?

A) congressional elections
B) presidential primary elections
C) state and local elections
D) presidential general elections

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Since Vietnam War, many voters have ______.

A) registered as Democrats
B) registered as Republicans
C) registered as Independents
D) not registered to vote

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When there is no longer a consistent majority party over time, it is referred to as ______.

A) realignment
B) polarization
C) divided government
D) dealignment

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following tends to be more likely to vote, join interest groups, and become politically active?

A) the mass public
B) the elite public
C) the uninformed public
D) the know-nothings

Question 5

Which of the following statements pertaining to the effect of age on voting is true?

A) Older people tend to not register to vote.
B) Younger people vote more than older people.
C) Older people are more civically active in more ways than previously thought.
D) Younger people are more likely to be active in social movements and group politics.

Question 6

Organizations made up of people who share common interests and work together to advocate for that interest with the government are referred to as ______.

A) legislatures
B) political parties
C) interest groups
D) social movements

Question 7

______ refer to large coalitions of individuals and groups that loosely unite around certain issues, usually in opposition to the status quo.

A) Legislatures
B) Political parties
C) Interest groups
D) Social movements

Question 8

Which of the following statements pertaining to social movements is true?

A) Social movements involve thousands, sometimes millions, of people.
B) Changes in attitudes during social movements do not typically remain after the movement fades.
C) Social movements do not involve interest groups.
D) Changes in attitudes during social movements are infrequent.

Question 9

New interest groups tend to be ______.

A) formally structured
B) bureaucratic
C) purposive
D) institutionalized

Question 10

Older groups tend to be ______.

A) informally structured
B) non-bureaucratic
C) motivated
D) more formal

Question 11

In the ______ approach, interest groups use high-powered power brokers, law firms, public relations firms, and consultants to gain direct access to top policymakers within the government.

A) access-to-power
B) technocratic
C) coalition-building
D) grassroots mobilization

Question 12

In the ______ approach, groups train lawyers and consultants who use their expertise and contacts to influence mid-level decision makers in government, the media, and other relevant groups in society.

A) access-to-power
B) technocratic
C) coalition-building
D) grassroots mobilization

Question 13

Which of the following approaches emphasizes the formation of group alliances based on mutual interests in order to politicize issues, get issues on the political agenda, and place pressure on the government's policymaking process?

A) access-to-power
B) technocratic
C) coalition-building
D) grassroots mobilization

Question 14

The ______ approach attempts to rally mass support in order to politicize issues, affect electoral and group politics, and increase public pressure on the policymaking process.

A) access-to-power
B) technocratic
C) coalition-building
D) grassroots mobilization

Question 15

The growth of outside politics has become most visible in the ______ arena.

A) education
B) social
C) economic
D) cultural

Question 16

For most social movements and interest groups, ______ was considered low policy prior to World War II.

A) trade
B) protectionism
C) national security
D) social welfare

Question 17

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is an example of a ______.

A) veterans and military support group
B) political and civic group
C) national security and public policy group
D) labor union

Question 18

The Rand Corporation is an example of a ______.

A) political and civic group
B) national security and public policy group
C) labor union
D) veterans and military support group

Question 19

Which of the following organizations provided a significant forum for generating ideas and policies for opinion leaders and government officials, but was a significant source of political recruitment?

A) Rand Corporation
B) Committee on the Present Danger
C) Foreign Policy Research Institute
D) Council on Foreign Relations

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a veterans and military support organization?

A) Americans for Democratic Action
B) Council on Foreign Relations
C) American Legion
D) Rand Corporation

Question 21

Which of the following types of groups emphasized a large defense buildup and reliance on force?

A) labor unions
B) veterans and military support
C) political and civic
D) national security and public policy

Question 22

Which of the following political and civic organizations was launched in the 1950s by prominent American Democrats and liberals as a means to support the government's Cold War policies?

A) Americans for Democratic Action
B) Council on Foreign Relations
C) American Legion
D) Rand Corporation

Question 23

The National Association of Manufacturers is an example of a ______ group.

A) religious
B) business and labor
C) political and civic
D) national security and public policy

Question 24

The term military-industrial complex was popularized by President ______.

A) Eisenhower
B) Johnson
C) Kennedy
D) Roosevelt

Question 25

Which of the following segments of the military-industrial-scientific complex grew enormously in size and scope as a result of World War II and the Cold War?

A) industry and business
B) Congress
C) military establishment
D) academia and the scientific community

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of the revolving door system?

A) A member of the business community works their way up to an executive position.
B) A member of the scientific community proceeds to work in an academic setting.
C) A member of Congress continues to run for re-election for the duration of their life.
D) A member of the military is hired by the defense industry upon retirement.

Question 27

The informal network of prominent, like-minded individuals who shared an anticommunist consensus and moved in and out of high-level executive branch positions is known as the ______.

A) foreign policy establishment
B) military-industrial-scientific infrastructure
C) iron network
D) militarization of research

Question 28

What commonality did the foreign policy establishment share?

A) a history
B) pro-isolationism
C) commitment to American exceptionalism
D) the preference for operating in public view

Question 29

What was the crucial common experience of members of the foreign policy establishment?

A) the Great Depression
B) Cold War
C) World War II
D) Vietnam War

Question 30

The anti-isolationism and anti-communism in foreign policy was conditioned by a ______ view of the world.

A) perestroika
B) détente
C) realpolitik
D) glasnost

Question 31

What term is used to refer to power politics?

A) perestroika
B) glasnost
C) realpolitik
D) detente

Question 32

The members of the foreign policy establishment shared a preference for ______.

A) the political left
B) the political right
C) the political center
D) they did not share a preference

Question 33

What was the foreign policy establishments preferred technique?

A) to operate within the legislature
B) to operate out of public view
C) to operate behind the presidents back
D) to operate on their own terms

Question 34

The foreign policy establishment collapsed during which presidential administration?

A) Truman
B) Eisenhower
C) Kennedy
D) Johnson

Question 35

Who was referred to as the silent majority?

A) Congress
B) the executive branch
C) the public
D) the president's advisors

Question 36

Which of the following believed that American was in a state of moral decline?

A) liberals
B) socialists
C) conservatives
D) leftists

Question 37

Which of the following defense contractors was identified as the leading contractor in 2018?

A) Raytheon
B) Lockheed Martin Corp
C) Northrop Grumman
D) Boeing

Question 38

The hundreds of think tanks, lobbying offices, law firms, etc. that have sprung up in Washington, DC, in order to lobby for defense spending and support the military establishment are referred to as the ______.

A) pork barrels
B) wise guys
C) beltway bandits
D) iron triangles

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a new form of interest groups gaining prominence in US foreign policy?

A) veterans and military support groups
B) think tanks
C) national security and public policy groups
D) consulting firms

Question 40

The Heritage Foundation is an example of a ______.

A) think tank
B) commercial interest
C) consulting firm
D) religious or ethnic group

Question 41

Most Americans participate infrequently in the political process.

Question 42

Social movements tend to have large life spans.

Question 43

Interest groups are an increasingly competitive and influential element of the societal circle and a significant force in the politics of US foreign policy.

Question 44

Fraud and corruption have been endemic in defense procurement and military spending among all four elements of the military-industrial-scientific complex.

Question 45

The post-Vietnam War and post-Cold War years have been accompanied by the decline in interest group and social movement activity in foreign policy.

Question 46

Provide an example of how citizens engage in civic life.

Question 47

When are interest groups more likely to form? Provide an example.

Question 48

Identify and discuss the four general strategies used to influence the politics of foreign policy.

Question 49

Identify the four segments of society involved in the military-industrial-scientific complex and explain how they have complementary interests.

Question 50

Explain the five shared commonalities between the members of the foreign policy establishment.