Deck 13: Recognising Faces

Question 1

In Biederman's theory of Recognition by Components, the units of recognition are known as:

A) Greebles
B) Voxels
C) Pixels
D) Geons

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The inversion effect for faces describes the finding that:

A) Faces are usually recognised better than other objects, and recognition is more severely impaired when they are turned upside down
B) Contrast-reversed faces are hard to recognise
C) Inverted faces appear neutral in expression
D) Inverted faces are confused with other biological objects

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Diamond and Carey suggested that the inversion effect for faces resulted from:

A) The operation of a special mechanism for face recognition
B) The bilateral symmetry of faces
C) Expertise in face recognition
D) Misalignment of geons in memory

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Inversion effects have not been shown after training for:

A) Gratings
B) Random textures
C) Houses
D) Greebles

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the three separable aspects of configural processing of faces distinguished by Maurer et al.?

A) Perception of first-order relationships
B) Normalisation
C) Perception of second-order relationships
D) Holistic processing

Question 6

Which of the following is not a suggested characteristic of the 'prototype' face thought to underlie recognition?

A) It is an average of all the faces which we have seen
B) The average is biased towards more recently seen faces
C) Faces are identified by their deviations from it
D) Its contents are subject to decay

Question 7

In a caricature:

A) The differences between the individual being depicted and the average face are exaggerated
B) The individual is depicted as unpleasant
C) The individual is depicted as ugly
D) The differences between the individual being depicted and the average face are reversed

Question 8

Face aftereffects have which of the following characteristics?

A) Adapting to a normal face makes a distorted face appear even more distorted
B) Adapting to a distorted face makes a normal face appear distorted in the opposite direction
C) Adapting to a distorted face makes that face appear normal
D) None of these

Question 9

The deleterious effects of contrast reversal on recognition of faces are:

A) Less than for other objects
B) About the same as for other objects
C) Worse than for other objects
D) Negligible

Question 10

After adaptation to vertical orange and black stripes, alternating every 15 s with identical but horizontal black and blue stripes, black and white stripes appear:

A) Black and white, whatever their orientation
B) Tinged with blue/green when horizontal, and tinged with orange when vertical
C) Tinged with blue/green when vertical, and tinged with orange when horizontal
D) Tinged yellow when vertical, and tinged with brown when horizontal

Question 11

Adaptation to its anti-face:

A) Improves the recognition of a previously viewed face
B) Worsens the recognition of a previously viewed face
C) Has no effect on face recognition
D) Makes recognition of all faces harder

Question 12

Which of the following have been used to show that face aftereffects are not the results of adaptation to low-level visual mechanisms?

A) Changing the size of the test faces from that of the adapting faces
B) Changing the colour of the test faces from that of the adapting faces
C) Comparing the build-up and decay of face and tilt aftereffects
D) Showing that face and tilt aftereffects are affected in different ways by subsequent adaptation to the test stimuli

Question 13

Prosopagnosia is:

A) An impairment of colour vision, associated with lesions in the temporal lobe
B) An impairment in recognising actions, associated with lesions in the parietal lobe
C) An impairment in recognising familiar faces, associated with lesions in the temporal lobe
D) An impairment of spatial vision, associated with lesions in the occipital lobe

Question 14

Young and Yamane suggested that faces are represented in the brain by:

A) Single 'grandmother' cells
B) A large network of neurons which encode individual features
C) A small number of neurons which code a few dimensions, such as inter-ocular distance
D) None of these

Question 15

Perrett et al. concluded that some cells in superior temporal sulcus are responding to faces, on the grounds that:

A) Their responses to faces were as least twice as large as their responses to other objects
B) They respond to a variety of faces
C) They have oval receptive fields
D) They response differently to different emotional expressions

Question 16

Which of the following is not a problem identified by Kanwisher et al. in deciding from BOLD activity whether a brain region is selectively responding to faces?

A) Is the response really to faces or to some low-level feature(s) which form part of a face?
B) Could the response be due to increased visual attention?
C) Could the response arise from the recognition of any animate (or human) object?
D) Could the response be caused by activity in another sensory modality?

Question 17

When Kanwisher et al. compared BOLD activity evoked by different stimuli in the right fusiform gyrus, they found that:

A) Two-tone (Mooney) faces produced a similar response to scrambled versions of the faces
B) Two-tone (Mooney) faces produced a larger response than scrambled versions of the faces
C) Grey-scale images of faces and grey-scale images of houses produced similar responses
D) Grey-scale images of houses produced similar responses to two-tone faces

Question 18

Gauthier et al. found that evoked BOLD activity in the right fusiform gyrus:

A) Was similar for faces and Greebles, even before training on the latter
B) Was absent for Greebles without training
C) Was larger for faces than for Greebles in naïve participants, but rose for Greebles after training
D) Fell for faces, after training on Greebles

Question 19

Haxby et al. found that different patterns of activity were evoked in temporal areas by different classes of objects, unless:

A) The most active area evoked by each class of objects was removed from the analysis
B) The objects were presented as line drawings
C) The results of half the presentations in the scanner were compared with those of the other half
D) The objects were presented as grey-scale images

Question 20

Robbins and McKone questioned whether the improvements in recognition of non-face stimuli with training reflected the development of configural processing, because:

A) They found no Composite Dog Effect in dog experts
B) They found no inversion effect on houses, after training
C) They found no increase in BOLD activity on textures, after training
D) They found no increase in BOLD activity on houses, after training

Question 21

Biederman's theory of Recognition by Components can easily explain:

A) How we distinguish one face from another
B) How we distinguish a face from bucket
C) How we recognise someone's nose
D) How we identify a partially covered face

Question 22

The composite face effect supports the hypotheses that faces are processed holistically because:

A) It is hard to identify the owners of the upper and lower parts
B) The spacing of the eyes is an important cue to recognition
C) Separating the upper and lower regions impairs identification of their owners
D) Inverted composite faces are hard to recognise

Question 23

'Face space' is:

A) A social networking website
B) A space with many dimensions within which a face can be located
C) The region of human memory reserved for encoding faces
D) The range of actions which do not incur disapproval from others

Question 24

In an anti-face:

A) The differences between the individual being depicted and the average face are exaggerated
B) The individual is depicted as unpleasant
C) The individual is depicted as ugly
D) The differences between the individual being depicted and the average face are reversed

Question 25

After adaptation to a male face, an androgynous face appears:

A) Male
B) Female
C) Even more androgynous
D) Hyper-masculine

Question 26

Rhodes et al. adapted their participants to (for example) small upright faces and large inverted faces. For test faces of various sizes, they found that:

A) For inverted faces, aftereffects were of similar strength whatever the size of the test faces, whereas for upright faces, aftereffects were smaller if the test face size differed from the adapt face size
B) Aftereffects were of similar strength whatever the size and orientation of the test face
C) For upright faces, aftereffects were of similar strength whatever the size of the test faces, whereas for inverted faces, aftereffects were smaller if the test face size differed from the adapt face size
D) All aftereffects were significantly reduced if the size of the test face differed from the size of the adapting face

Question 27

Neurons which respond to faces have not been found in which of the following brain areas?

A) Cerebellum
B) Superior temporal sulcus
C) Amygdala
D) Ventral striatum

Question 28

In Mooney faces:

A) Black areas have been converted to white, and vice versa
B) Colours have been changed to shades of grey
C) Hairstyles have been changed to suggest adherence to a particular set of beliefs
D) All luminance values at and above some level have been changed to white, and all below that level to black

Question 29

The idea of 'object form topography', suggested by Haxby et al., is that:

A) Objects are encoded by the distribution of activity in different regions of the temporal lobe
B) Different views of an object are encoded by different neurons
C) Geons are a physiological reality
D) Objects with different shapes are represented in different brain regions

Question 30

Which of the following results for TMS was not obtained by Pitcher et al.?

A) over rOFA, it affected discriminations involving faces, but not bodies or objects
B) over rEBA, it affected discriminations involving bodies, but not faces or objects
C) over rLO, it affected discriminations involving objects but not faces or bodies
D) over rSPL, it affected discriminations involving bodies, but not faces or objects

Question 31

What does the inversion effect tell us about face recognition?

Question 32

How have Greebles contributed to our understanding of face recognition?

Question 33

Why is the variability of faces important?

Question 34

How have image processing techniques contributed to our understanding of face recognition?

Question 35

Could faces and other objects be represented in a network of processes in the brain?