Deck 16: Pathologies of Perception

Question 1

In which of the following are people with ASD not thought to be superior?

A) Finding hidden figures
B) Perceiving emotional expressions
C) Block design tests
D) Visual search tasks

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Grinter et al. showed, using radial frequency patterns, that people with ASD were:

A) Normal when discrimination could be done from local features, and impaired when only more global features were available
B) Impaired when discrimination could be done from local features, and impaired when only more global features were available
C) Normal when discrimination could be done from local features, and also normal when more global features were available
D) Impaired when discrimination could be done from local features, and normal when more global features were available

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Booth and Happ HYPERLINK "https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=RGFF2y4AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra" é's (2018) study used an impossible figures detection task to measure configural processing in ASD and typically developing participants. They showed that individuals with ASD:

A) were significantly less able than typically developing children to discriminate between possible and impossible figures
B) were significantly more able than typically developing children to discriminate between possible and impossible figures
C) were unable to discriminate between possible and impossible figures
D) discriminated between possible and impossible figures as well as typically developing children

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pellicano et al. measured detection thresholds for flicker and for motion coherence in ASD. They found:

A) Abnormally high flicker thresholds, and normal motion coherence thresholds
B) Normal flicker and normal motion coherence thresholds
C) Normal flicker and abnormally high motion coherence thresholds
D) Abnormally high thresholds for both flicker and motion coherence

Question 5

Most studies of motion coherence with ASD children have shown behavioural impairments compared with controls when:

A) longer periods of time are available to globally integrate visual information
B) basic integration of motion coherence stimuli is required
C) motion coherence stimulus speed is fast (making it easier to perceive motion direction)
D) motion coherence stimuli had a very limited dot lifetime (appear briefly)

Question 6

Patient JB, diagnosed as having associative agnosia, had difficulty:

A) Saying which pair of three words (e.g. car, road, sky) go together
B) Object decision tasks
C) Saying which pair of three pictures (e.g. car, road, sky) go together
D) Perceiving colours

Question 7

An integrative agnostic is likely to have problems with which of the following?

A) Discriminating squares from rectangles
B) Segmenting shapes from their background
C) Perceiving motion
D) Colour vision

Question 8

From structural MRI scans, which areas did Riddoch et al. conclude were associated with a deficit in naming the small but not the large letters in hierarchical stimuli in patient HJA?

A) Medial ventral extrastriate visual area
B) Extrastriate dorsal area
C) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D) Insula

Question 9

From their review, which of the following did Capitani et al. (2003) not conclude to be supported by good evidence as a separate category in memory?

A) Animate objects
B) Inanimate biological objects, such as fruit and vegetables
C) Artefacts
D) Landscapes

Question 10

Haigh et al.'s (2018) EEG study measuring decoding accuracy in patients with agnosia (in a task where participants viewed pattern-reversing checkerboards of differing spatial frequency) found low accuracy:

A) For early visual responses with both apperceptive and integrative agnosia and late visual responses with integrative agnosia
B) For early visual responses with integrative agnosia and late visual responses with apperceptive agnosia
C) For early visual responses with apperceptive agnosia and late visual responses with integrative agnosia
D) For early visual responses with both apperceptive and integrative agnosia and late visual responses with apperceptive agnosia

Question 11

Dalla Bella and Peretz (1999) describe cases of agnosia in non-musicians who suffered bilateral damage to the auditory cortex as a result of brain surgery. Which of the following was not impaired in such cases?

A) Understanding speech
B) Recognising familiar tunes
C) Recognising human voices
D) Recognising musical instruments

Question 12

Optic ataxia is characterised by damage to:

A) The cerebellum
B) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
C) Insula
D) Posterior parietal cortex

Question 13

In visual apraxia, patients most commonly show impairments when:

A) Performing actions using an object
B) Making appropriate movements towards an object
C) Imitating actions towards a named object
D) Imitating actions towards a visually presented object

Question 14

Neglect has not been demonstrated in:

A) Touch
B) Smell
C) Hearing
D) Vision

Question 15

In the Landmark test, the patient is presented with:

A) A simple map
B) Two signposts
C) A series of pre-transected lines
D) A target embedded in an array of distracters

Question 16

Berti and Frassinetti showed that their patient, who neglected near space, also neglected far space, when:

A) Pointing with a light pen
B) Telling the experimenter where to point
C) Touching with a stick
D) Moving a cursor on a screen

Question 17

When TMS was applied to the right ventral occipital (VO) lobe by Bjoertomt et al., the participant behaved as though:

A) The midpoint of lines in far space appeared shifted to the right
B) The midpoint of lines in near space appeared shifted to the right
C) The midpoint of lines in far space appeared shifted to the left
D) The midpoint of lines in near space appeared shifted to the left

Question 18

When TMS was applied to the right posterior parietal cortex by Giglia et al., the participants' judgement of the midpoint of lines in far space:

A) appeared shifted to the right both with and without using a stick
B) appeared shifted to the right but only when using a stick
C) appeared shifted to the left both with and without using a stick
D) appeared shifted to the left but only when using a stick

Question 19

Using fMRI, Revill et al. showed that which of the following areas was more active during a bisection than during a search task:

A) Anterior insula
B) Fusiform gyrus
C) Medial superior frontal regions
D) Superior parietal cortex

Question 20

Prism adaptation appears to be clinically effective in reducing symptoms of visuospatial neglect for patients who:

A) Show worse neglect in verbal variants of the (perceptual) Landmark task
B) Have disrupted ventral (occipitotemporal) visual stream processes
C) Present with spatial neglect as a result of parietal stroke
D) Present with spatial neglect as a result of frontal stroke

Question 21

According to the weak central coherence hypothesis, how is perceptual processing affected in ASD?

A) Higher level processes are impaired, and low-level processes normal
B) Higher level processes are impaired, and low-level processes also impaired
C) Higher level processes are normal, and low-level processes impaired
D) Higher level processes are impaired, and low-level processes better than normal

Question 22

Dakin and Frith argued that a result which seemed to show superior global integration of orientation information over space in ASD could instead have been produced by:

A) Better performance at conjunction search
B) The operation of a local low spatial frequency mechanism
C) Better parallel search performance
D) Different fixation patterns

Question 23

Robertson et al.'s studies of motion perception in ASD using forced-choice motion discrimination tasks showed behavioural and brain imaging results in ASD consistent with:

A) typical responses in both early and late stages of visual processing
B) atypical responses in early stages of visual processing but typical responses in late stages of visual processing
C) typical responses in early stages of visual processing but atypical responses in late stages of visual processing
D) atypical responses in both early and late stages of visual processing

Question 24

Of the two broad types of visual agnosia distinguished by Lissauer, apperceptive agnosia is:

A) Impaired access to concepts
B) Impaired visual acuity
C) Impaired higher-level perception
D) Impaired colour vision

Question 25

From structural MRI scans, which areas did Riddoch et al. conclude were associated with a deficit in naming the large but not the small letters in hierarchical stimuli in patient SA?

A) Medial ventral extrastriate visual area
B) Extrastriate dorsal area
C) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D) Insula

Question 26

In an object decision task, one judges:

A) Which is a certain part of speech in a sentence
B) Which of a couple is speaking and which listening
C) Whether an image is of a legitimate object
D) Whether an array of scattered parts could be combined into an object

Question 27

Cavina-Pratesi et al. showed that their patient MH, diagnosed with optic ataxia, could not:

A) Make appropriate reaching movements to objects
B) Scale his grip appropriately for objects to which he did not have to reach
C) Recognise objects
D) Name objects correctly

Question 28

When TMS was applied to the right posterior parietal cortex by Bjoertomt et al., the participant behaved as though:

A) The midpoint of lines in far space appeared shifted to the right
B) The midpoint of lines in near space appeared shifted to the right
C) The midpoint of lines in far space appeared shifted to the left
D) The midpoint of lines in near space appeared shifted to the left

Question 29

In pre-motor neglect, the patient:

A) Has difficulty in indicating which pre-marked line appears to be an accurate bisection
B) Has normal reaction times
C) Is slower in making responses into one side of space
D) Has difficulty with naming

Question 30

Vossel et al. showed that perceptual biases in neglect were associated with lesions to:

A) Ventral occipital lobe
B) Amygdala
C) Cerebellum
D) Uncus

Question 31

To what extent is motion perception impaired in ASD?

Question 32

What is the empirical support for the enhanced perceptual function hypothesis in ASD?

Question 33

Describe examples of different types of apperceptive agnosia.

Question 34

What is the empirical support for the distinction between perceptual and premotor neglect?

Question 35

How do arousal levels and sustained attention capacity affect visuospatial performance in patients with neglect?

Question 36

Can visual neglect be treated?