Deck 11: Health Care: an Anatomy of Health and Illness

Question 1

______ U.S. states and the District of Columbia give competent, terminally ill adults the legal right to commit suicide.

A) Two
B) Six
C) Seventeen
D) All

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being or the absence of disease.

A) Health
B) Illness
C) Medicine
D) Homeostasis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A scientist studies how viruses spread throughout the world due to airline travel and cultural values about preventing disease. This is an example of a ______.

A) micro-level study
B) meso-level study
C) macro-level study
D) meta-level study

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following perspectives stress the idea that definitions of illness vary over time and from society to society?

A) symbolic interaction theory
B) conflict theory
C) rational choice theory
D) feminist theory

Question 5

The treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a subject of controversy for the last several decades. Some believe that doctors overprescribe medications for ADHD; they believe that the increasing ______ of ADHD harms children, in particular, who could otherwise benefit from behavior therapy.

A) medicalization
B) stigmatization
C) demedicalization
D) acceptance

Question 6

By ______, we see the alcoholic as a person in need of help rather than as a moral degenerate.

A) rejecting the sick role
B) viewing illness as an individual problem
C) labeling alcoholism as a disease
D) demedicalizing alcoholism

Question 7

According to a classic U.S. hospital-based study, which of the following statements was TRUE regarding culturally learned reactions to pain?

A) Patients with Jewish and Italian backgrounds were usually stoic and tried to bravely endure pain.
B) Patients of Irish background tended to respond to pain emotionally.
C) Patients of English background often denied pain altogether.
D) Although patients with Jewish and Italian background displayed similar reactions to pain, their reasons for those reactions were different.

Question 8

Functional theorists focus primarily on the ______ level of health care.

A) personal
B) micro
C) meso
D) macro

Question 9

Which of the following functionalists believed that having "experts" in charge led to better patient care?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Robert Merton
D) Bingham Powell

Question 10

Which of the following is a key theme of the conflict perspective on health issues?

A) innovation
B) human agency
C) differential access
D) labeling

Question 11

Alistair wants to study pharmaceutical companies that overcharge for lifesaving medications. Alistair is likely taking a ______.

A) symbolic interactionist perspective
B) functionalist perspective
C) conflict perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 12

According to the United States Department of Agriculture, living in a ______ can lead to poor diet, obesity, and other related illnesses.

A) food oasis
B) food desert
C) food blight
D) food island

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of smoking in the United States?

A) Just 5% of adults still smoke.
B) Urban areas have higher rates of smokers than rural areas.
C) Among racial and ethnic populations, Hispanics have the highest adult smoking rates.
D) More than 40% of those with just a high school education are addicted to cigarettes.

Question 14

A study of the attitude of male physicians towards menopause would most likely use ______.

A) conflict theory
B) rational choice theory
C) structural-functional theory
D) feminist theory

Question 15

The ______ is a special position in society in which one is temporarily relieved of responsibilities and accepts a position of dependence.

A) sick role
B) sick label
C) sick sanction
D) sick status

Question 16

The sick role model reflects the ______ perspective.

A) symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist
C) feminist
D) conflict

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of the sick role?

A) This sick person should define being sick as undesirable.
B) The sick person should try to get well on their own.
C) The sick person must continue to perform their normal social responsibilities.
D) The sickness is the individual's fault.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE of gender and health care in the United States?

A) Men tend to use emergency services more than women.
B) Men are more inclined to go to the doctor than women.
C) Men receive more preventative care than women.
D) Men receive more reproductive care than women.

Question 19

______ individuals tend to seek professional health earlier for psychological distress.

A) Wealthier
B) Poor
C) Minority
D) Older

Question 20

______ is the government-run insurance plan for low-income families.

A) Medicare
B) Welfare
C) Medicaid
D) Home Health

Question 21

______ provides a government-supported consumer service that assures equal access to health care for all citizens of a country.

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Socialized Medicine
D) Decentralized Health Care

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE of the health care system in the United States?

A) The United States has universal health care.
B) The United States spends the most on health care, but also achieves the best results in terms of access, efficiency, equity, and health care outcomes.
C) The United States has completely rejected the health-care-for-all-philosophy.
D) The United States has a mix of socialized and private health care programs.

Question 23

When did the dominance of the hospital in providing medical care begin in the United States?

A) in the colonial period
B) in the early 1900s
C) in the post-World War II period
D) in the 1990s

Question 24

Tyrone is studying the signs of superior status of physicians in hospitals, including the practice of wearing long white coats or NOT wearing special uniforms at all. Tyrone is most likely taking a ______ approach in his research.

A) symbolic interactionist
B) conflict
C) feminist
D) functionalist

Question 25

Though physicians maintain a very high status in society, they have lost some control over health care to ______.

A) patients
B) nurses
C) social workers
D) insurance companies and hospital administrators

Question 26

______ is the process through which a professional occupation loses autonomy, respect, and service orientation because the professions come to be controlled by non-professionals and outside forces.

A) Demedicalization
B) Deprofessionalization
C) Outsourcing
D) Offshoring

Question 27

Recent ______ advances include improved motor vehicle safety, safer workplaces, and greater control of infectious diseases.

A) medical
B) homeopathic
C) public-health
D) prenatal

Question 28

One of the greatest criticisms of the U.S. system is ______.

A) the high cost of health care
B) the low quality of care
C) the low quality of medical training
D) the lack of a single-payer system

Question 29

Which statement accurately describes the impact of the Affordable Care Act in the United States?

A) The number of uninsured Americans is gradually decreasing.
B) Insurance companies allow doctors to determine which services are medically necessary and how much they will be reimbursed.
C) Health care providers are moving toward the fee-for-service model.
D) Health care is free for naturalized citizens.

Question 30

Under the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, a business with over ______ employees is required to provide a health insurance plan.

A) 10
B) 50
C) 250
D) 500

Question 31

Under the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, young adults can be covered on their parent's insurance plan until age ______.

A) 18
B) 21
C) 26
D) 30

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a CAM therapy?

A) monoclonal antibody therapy
B) TK cell therapy
C) chemotherapy
D) megavitamin therapy

Question 33

A pandemic is a disease prevalent in a particular area.

Question 34

The functionalist perspective focuses primarily on the micro level of the health care system.

Question 35

Differential access is a key theme in the conflict perspective on health issues.

Question 36

There is a severe shortage of primary care physicians in the rural United States.

Question 37

In the United States, the number of cesarean births have dropped drastically over the past 50 years.

Question 38

According to functionalist thought, it is important to guard against misuse of illness as an excuse for avoiding social responsibility.

Question 39

Women tend to go to the doctor less and receive less preventative care.

Question 40

Though the infant mortality rate in the United States has declined over the past years, it is still relatively high due in large part to the lack of adequate health care available to Blacks and American Indians/Alaska Natives.

Question 41

In the United States, the people in the lowest income group have the least contact with physicians.

Question 42

All lower-income Americans have access to health care via Medicaid.

Question 43

Canada and Great Britain are examples of countries that have socialized medicine.

Question 44

The United States is unique among Global North countries in that it has a mix of socialized and private health care programs.

Question 45

Hospital administrators compose the largest group of health care workers.

Question 46

There are sociology-related questions covered on the MCAT exam.

Question 47

The U.S. health care system has the lowest per capita cost in the world.

Question 48

The Affordable Care Act encourages health providers to move towards the fee-for-service model.

Question 49

Many doctors in the Global North reject acupuncture as unscientific and ineffective.

Question 50

The United States is the biggest market for the sale of body parts.

Question 51

Measles has recently reemerged in several areas of the United States.

Question 52

The growing number of locations with shared circulated air helps combat the spread of disease.

Question 53

Discuss two arguments in favor of euthanasia and two arguments against it.

Question 54

Define and explain what is meant by medicalization and demedicalization. Provide an example of each.

Question 55

How does patient perception, experience, and reaction to pain differ by cultural background?

Question 56

Differential access is a key theme of the conflict perspective on health care. Provide three examples of how differential access contributes to health care issues in the United States.

Question 57

How have feminists worked to regain control of women's health?

Question 58

Why is being sick NOT just a physical condition?

Question 59

How does chronic illness complicate the sick role model?

Question 60

What factors contribute to the relatively high infant mortality rate in the United States?

Question 61

Compare and contrast socialized and decentralized national health care programs.

Question 62

What type of health care system exists in the United States?

Question 63

What is fee-for-service health care? How does it contribute to the high cost of health care?

Question 64

How has the professional status of physicians in the United States changed over time?

Question 65

Why is the United States considered to have the best and worst health care system among Global North Countries?

Question 66

Define and explain what is meant by complementary and alternative medicines, or CAMs. Provide examples.

Question 67

How does social stratification create an international market for body parts?