Deck 10: Family and Education: Institutionalizing Socialization

Question 1

Ariel's wife and child are part of her ______.

A) family of orientation
B) family of procreation
C) secondary family
D) extended family

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Max lives with his wife, his three children, and his parents. They are an example of a(n) ______.

A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) family of procreation
D) sibling family

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An increase in ______ is one factor contributing to the worldwide shift towards more nuclear families.

A) urbanization
B) terrorism
C) arranged marriages
D) gender stratification

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Robert's parents expect him to marry another Mormon, preferably from their own congregation. His family is practicing ______.

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) homogamy
D) hypergamy

Question 5

Which of the following is the most typical authority pattern in the world?

A) endogamy
B) egalitarianism
C) matriarchy
D) patriarchy

Question 6

Sociologists using ______ argue that the spouse with more resources has more power within the family.

A) evolutionary theory
B) resource theory
C) rational choice
D) filter theory

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE of housework and childcare in the United States?

A) The differential in housework done by men and women has increased in recent decades.
B) Research shows a clear positive relationship between equity in households and successful marriages.
C) Husbands who do an equal share of the household chores report lower levels of satisfaction with the marriage.
D) Couples who split household chores are more likely to divorce.

Question 8

The poverty rate in the United States has ______ since 2007.

A) decreased
B) stayed the same
C) increased
D) doubled

Question 9

Over the past 30 years, the percentage of babies born outside of marriage has more than doubled, rising from 18.4% to 40.3%. This is one major factor that has led to ______.

A) the feminization of poverty
B) a higher divorce rate
C) egalitarian family patterns
D) family-friendly work policies

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE of marriage in the United States?

A) The marriage rate has increased slightly over the past 50 years.
B) Recent research has shown a relationship between higher rates of marriage and the loss of manufacturing jobs.
C) Those who marry tend to be more educated than those who do not marry.
D) Today, about 75% of adults are married.

Question 11

Poverty affects parenting; working class parents are more likely to use an approach called ______, which involves a more ______ approach.

A) concerted cultivation; hands-on
B) concerted cultivation; hands-off
C) accomplishment of natural growth; hands-on
D) accomplishment of natural growth; hands-off

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE of divorce in the United States?

A) Divorce rates for most groups have been rising since the early 1980s.
B) There is little variation in divorce rates by state.
C) Men typically have an easier time emotionally adjusting to divorce than women.
D) Women typically have a more difficult time financially adjusting to divorce than men.

Question 13

Which of the following declarations regarding same-sex marriage did the U.S. Supreme Court make on June 26, 2015?

A) The Supreme Court declared same-sex marriages legal in all 50 states.
B) The Supreme Court struck down a law barring federal recognition of same-sex marriage.
C) The Supreme Court declared that states aren't required to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
D) The Supreme Court declared same-sex marriages illegal in all 50 states.

Question 14

Ty is an eighth-grade music teacher. Ty must support and encourage his students, but he must also give them poor grades if they don't practice enough. This causes Ty to experience ______.

A) role conflict
B) de-professionalism
C) role strain
D) at-risk behavior

Question 15

The ______ system of schools includes unspoken, unwritten, and implicit norms of behavior that we learn in school.

A) formal
B) specialized
C) informal
D) organized

Question 16

Learning how to follow rules is part of ______.

A) shadow education
B) the formal curriculum
C) the hidden curriculum
D) the emotional climate

Question 17

According to conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum is ______.

A) a way to track students according to their ability levels
B) a mechanism for teaching students the expectations, behaviors, and values necessary to succeed
C) a major source of class conflict
D) a social and economic agenda that maintains class differences.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of the bureaucratic school structure?

A) There are few formalized rules and procedures.
B) Rationality governs the operations of the organization.
C) Schools employ a flat organizational structure.
D) Formalized relationships are downplayed in favor of personal relationships.

Question 19

Jana is the athletic director at an area high school. Although she has experience as a math team, Jana is limited to scheduling athletic competitions. This reflects which of the following characteristics of Max Weber's bureaucratic model?

A) specific rules and procedures
B) a division of labor
C) an emphasis on rationality
D) an emphasis on formalized relations

Question 20

Which of the following is a manifest function of formal education?

A) enhancing personal and social development
B) confining underage children
C) weakening parental controls over children
D) providing opportunities for peer cultures to develop

Question 21

Which of the following is a latent function of formal education?

A) selecting individuals for key positions in society
B) providing contexts for the development of friendships and mate selection
C) enhancing personal independence
D) promoting social participation, change, and innovation

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE of parents with a lower socioeconomic status?

A) They are more likely to ask about their children's progress.
B) They tend to have more interactions with teachers.
C) They are more likely to make it clear they want teachers to focus on their children.
D) They tend to be less involved in their children's schooling.

Question 23

When wealthy Americans send their children to elite boarding schools, the result is ______.

A) shadow education
B) school choice
C) reproduction of class
D) free-choice education

Question 24

Which of the following can result in a "creaming process" that leaves traditional public schools with students who parents are less involved in their schooling?

A) the hidden curriculum
B) tracking
C) informal schooling
D) school choice

Question 25

When children are provided with equal facilities, financing, and access to school programs, they experience ______.

A) streaming
B) school choice
C) equal educational opportunity
D) reproduction of class

Question 26

A social group or organization in which people are allocated to positions according to their abilities and credentials is known as a ______.

A) democracy
B) patriarchy
C) meritocracy
D) oligarchy

Question 27

What is shadow education?

A) informal education
B) the reproduction of class as it pertains to education
C) the negative latent functions of education
D) learning opportunities outside of school

Question 28

Amil's parents can afford to send her to SAT prep classes. This is an example of which of the following?

A) school choice
B) tracking
C) streaming
D) shadow education

Question 29

______ separates students into different level classes within a school, while ______ separates students into different secondary schools.

A) Streaming; tracking
B) Tracking; streaming
C) School choice; shadow education
D) Shadow education; school choice

Question 30

Which of the following is practiced in Europe and Asia, but NOT in the United States?

A) streaming
B) tracking
C) school choice
D) shadow education

Question 31

Which of the following is TRUE of tracking in the United States?

A) Most sociologists have argued in favor of tracking, citing the benefits of individualized learning.
B) A student's track placement almost always correlates with his or her ability.
C) Tracking can be arbitrary, based on teachers' first impressions and questionable test results.
D) Students tend to make less progress when working in groups with a wide range of academic aptitudes.

Question 32

Which of the following is TRUE of public school funding in the United States?

A) Public schools are fully funded by the federal government.
B) The federal government provides about 45% of funding, which mostly comes from income taxes.
C) About 9% of funding comes from state governments.
D) Local governments provide about 45% of funding, which mostly comes from property taxes.

Question 33

What does the Elementary and Secondary Education Act require?

A) full federal funding for all elementary and secondary schools
B) equal opportunity for participation in school-sponsored programs
C) equitable state and local funding for high-poverty and low-income schools
D) subsidized childcare for poor neighborhoods

Question 34

The family in which individuals are born is called the family of procreation.

Question 35

In the United States, nearly 90% of marriages are between people of similar religious values.

Question 36

Egalitarian family patterns are the norm in most U.S. households.

Question 37

The United States has been quicker than many other Global North countries to adopt family friendly work policies.

Question 38

In the United States, marriage has increasingly become an institution for the well-educated middle- and upper-classes.

Question 39

More than half of children in the United States today grow up with married parents in their first marriage.

Question 40

Single mothers are almost twice as likely to be in poverty as single fathers.

Question 41

The United States was the first country to allow same-sex marriage.

Question 42

One reason that many people in the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities in the United States fought for the legalization of same-sex marriage is because they felt that their partnerships were insufficiently institutionalized.

Question 43

Since 1980, more men in the United States have attended and graduated from college than women.

Question 44

Dimensions of the informal system of schooling include the hidden curriculum, the educational climate, the value climate, power dynamics, and coping strategies in the classroom.

Question 45

According to conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum allows students to learn the expectations, behaviors, and values necessary to succeed in school and society.

Question 46

In most schools, specific rules and procedures in cover everything from course content to discipline in the classroom and use of the schoolyard.

Question 47

One result of the bureaucratic nature of schools is that children's special needs are more easily met.

Question 48

Most schools in the United States are meritocracies.

Question 49

Streaming separates students into different level classes within a school.

Question 50

Local governments provide about 45% of funding for public schools in the United States.

Question 51

Why do sociologists refer to the family as the most basic institution of any society?

Question 52

Compare and contrast exogamy and endogamy. Provide an example of each.

Question 53

What is homogamy? How prevalent is it in the United States?

Question 54

How does resource theory explain decision making in marriage?

Question 55

What is the second shift? How has the differential in housework done by women and men changed in recent decades?

Question 56

What policies could U.S. employers adopt to help support dual-worker families?

Question 57

What is the feminization of poverty? What are some causes of it?

Question 58

Why has the marriage rate in the United States declined over the past 50 years?

Question 59

Describe the benefits of gender equity in education.

Question 60

What are some causes of role strain experienced by teachers?

Question 61

How does Weber's bureaucratic model apply to schools? What are three dysfunctions that schools face that relate to this organizational structure?

Question 62

How does socioeconomic status affect how most families stress the importance of education?

Question 63

What is school tracking? Analyze school tracking through the lens of structural-functionalist theory. Then critique it through the lens of conflict theory.

Question 64

How does the public school funding system in the United States contribute to the reproduction of class?