Deck 11: Kants Revolution

Question 1

An analytic statement is a(n) __________.

A) a priori statement
B) a posteriori statement
C) logical possibility whose denial is not contradictory
D) logical truth whose denial results in a contradiction

Answer 1

D

Question 2

"Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius" is an example of a(n) __________ statement.

A) a priori
B) analytic
C) synthetic
D) logical

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The radical skepticism of __________ motivated Kant's forays into epistemology.

A) Hobbes
B) Descartes
C) Leibniz
D) Hume

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Kant asserts, __________.

A) "Because all our knowledge begins with experience, it follows that it all arises out of experience."
B) "Though not all our knowledge begins with experience, it follows that it all arises out of experience."
C) "Though all our knowledge arises out of experience, it does not follow that it all begins with experience."
D) "Though all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it all arises out of experience."

Question 5

Kant wants to know how __________ knowledge is possible in metaphysics.

A) synthetic a priori
B) synthetic a posteriori
C) analytic a priori
D) analytic a posteriori

Question 6

Kant argues that __________ in order for knowledge to be possible.

A) the mind must conform to reality
B) reality must conform to the mind
C) objects must be identical to the mind
D) all knowledge must be innate

Question 7

Kant says that when trying to decide whether an action is morally permissible, we must ask if we can consistently will that the maxim of our action should become a __________.

A) rule for maximizing happiness for the agent
B) rule for maximizing happiness for everyone involved
C) universal law
D) contingent law

Question 8

Kant argues that making a lying promise is wrong because __________.

A) lying to people can cause them harm
B) lying to people harms society
C) you cannot consistently will that everyone should make lying promises
D) most people condemn the practice

Question 9

Kant argues that we know the world of __________.

A) noumena
B) phenomena
C) plethora
D) Forms

Question 10

Kant uses the term noumena to refer to the __________.

A) world in itself outside our experience
B) world as we experience it
C) world as we would like to experience it
D) logical structure of the world

Question 11

Kant compared his transformation of traditional epistemology to the __________ revolution in science.

A) Copernican
B) Newtonian
C) Cartesian
D) Galilean

Question 12

Kant tells us, "Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind." These are __________.

A) creating impressions" and "the power of creating an object through these representations"
B) "the capacity of creating impressions" and "the power of knowing an object through these representations"
C) "the capacity of receiving impressions" and "the power of knowing an object through these representations"
D) "the capacity of receiving impressions" and "the natural light of reason"

Question 13

According to Kant, morality must be based on __________.

A) compassion
B) reason
C) self-interest
D) altruistic desires

Question 14

Moral relativism can take one of two forms: cultural relativism or __________.

A) social relativism
B) subjective relativism
C) religious relativism
D) interpersonal relativism

Question 15

Morality is a normative enterprise, which means that it __________.

A) provides an account of what kinds of behaviors are normal
B) describes how things are
C) prescribes how things should be
D) explains why things are

Question 16

Morality stands out among other normative spheres because of its overridingness, universality, basis in reason, and __________.

A) partiality
B) foundation in religion
C) impartiality
D) relativity

Question 17

A moral theory in which the rightness of actions depends solely on __________ is called a __________ theory.

A) consequences; consequentialist
B) consequences; deontological
C) duty; consequentialist
D) consequences; nonconsequentialist

Question 18

According to Kant, the good will acts from respect for __________.

A) social norms
B) the moral law
C) religious requirements
D) the emotions of those affected by the action

Question 19

In contrast to a hypothetical imperative, a categorial imperative is a command __________.

A) grounded in reason
B) that applies without exception
C) based on desire or utility
D) that prescribes the means necessary to achieve an end

Question 20

According to Kant, the inherent worth of persons derives from__________.

A) God
B) their good will
C) their nature as autonomous, rational beings
D) their capacity for happiness

Question 21

__________ holds that right actions are those that result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved.

A) Deontology
B) Virtue ethics
C) Utilitarianism
D) Relativism

Question 22

__________ is the view that moral standards are not objective but depend on what individuals or cultures believe.

A) Deontology
B) Utilitarianism
C) Moral relativism
D) Virtue ethics

Question 23

According to __________, an action is right if an individual believes it is right.

A) cultural relativism
B) deontology
C) utilitarianism
D) subjective relativism

Question 24

Defenders of __________ assert it promotes tolerance.

A) deontology
B) virtue ethics
C) utilitarianism
D) moral relativism

Question 25

Kant's moral theory is __________.

A) deontological
B) consequentialism
C) utilitarianism
D) moral relativism

Question 26

Kant maintains that right actions do not depend on__________.

A) one's intentions
B) their consequences
C) whether they are committed from respect for duty
D) whether they are derived from a rational moral principle

Question 27

According to Kant, right actions are right __________.

A) as they conform with the agent's moral beliefs
B) as they conform to social norms
C) as they promote happiness
D) in themselves

Question 28

Kant's fundamental moral principle is called the__________ imperative.

A) categorical
B) prudential
C) hypothetical
D) social

Question 29

Kant declares that we should never in any circumstances treat a person as a means.

Question 30

Kant believes that we should not treat persons merely as a means except when society's welfare is at stake.

Question 31

Kant argues that the moral law is unconditional.

Question 32

Kant thinks that knowledge is constituted by experience.

Question 33

"A bachelor is an unmarried man" is an example of a synthetic statement.

Question 34

Kant agrees with Hume that the concept of causation cannot be justified by either empirical or a priori arguments.

Question 35

According to Kant, the mind conforms to the world.

Question 36

Kant's theory of knowledge aims to show how synthetic a priori knowledge is possible.

Question 37

Kant is a moral relativist.

Question 38

Kant is a deontologist.

Question 39

Kant wants us to believe that logical and mathematical concepts are learned entirely by experience.

Question 40

The categorical imperative is an expression of Kant's consequentialist moral theory.

Question 41

Kant claims that the categorical imperative is the expression of a purely rational moral principle.

Question 42

According to Kant, an action is right to the extent that it conforms with societal norms.

Question 43

One formulation of the categorical imperative asserts, "I am never to act otherwise than so that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law."

Question 44

One formulation of Kant's fundamental moral principle expresses respecting humanity as a means to a socially good end.

Question 45

One formulation of Kant's fundamental moral principle expresses the test of universalizability.

Question 46

Some critics of Kant's moral theory point out that in some circumstances the consequences of our actions matter more than strict adherence to a moral rule or law.

Question 47

According to Kant, denying a synthetic statement always yields a contradiction.

Question 48

"A bachelor is an unmarried man" is an example of an analytic statement.