Deck 5: Aristotle: Reason and Nature

Question 1

Aristotle was a student of __________.

A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Alexander the Great
D) Diogenes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Aristotle is credited with inventing __________.

A) geometry
B) the scientific method
C) empiricism
D) formal logic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Aristotle, __________ gives us the raw materials for knowledge.

A) sensation
B) reason
C) logic
D) seeing

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The heart of Aristotle's logical system is the __________.

A) diagram
B) deduction
C) syllogism
D) term

Question 5

For Aristotle, scientific knowledge is not so much knowing that something __________ but __________.

A) exists; where it exists
B) is true; why it is true
C) is good; when it is good
D) is rational; why it is rational

Question 6

Aristotle insists that all the statements in his syllogism be __________.

A) necessarily true
B) probably true
C) necessarily false
D) probably false

Question 7

Aristotle calls a proof a demonstration when __________ and the conclusion follows deductively.

A) the premises are likely true
B) the premises are themselves demonstrable
C) at least one of the premises is true
D) both the premises are true

Question 8

According to Aristotle, "What is being?" is the most important question of __________.

A) epistemology
B) metaphysics
C) logic
D) science

Question 9

According to Aristotle, __________ is the answer to the question, "What is being?"

A) form
B) fatter
C) cause
D) substance

Question 10

In Aristotle's terminology, __________ refers to the shape, pattern, or function of material stuff.

A) telos
B) substance
C) form
D) essence

Question 11

Aristotle asserts that substance consists of form plus __________ and __________.

A) matter; essence
B) pattern; function
C) telos; shape
D) extension; duration

Question 12

Propositions state something about a __________.

A) verb
B) predicate
C) subject
D) class of things

Question 13

Aristotle presents __________ cause(s).

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 14

That which initiates or is the source of a change is called the __________ cause.

A) formal
B) final
C) efficient
D) material

Question 15

The __________ cause explains why something is the way it is by citing the structure and properties that make it when it is.

A) formal
B) final
C) efficient
D) material

Question 16

The __________ cause tells us "that for the sake of which" something is.

A) formal
B) final
C) efficient
D) material

Question 17

Aristotle rejects the view that every natural event happens by chance and without a __________.

A) divine plan
B) divine intervention
C) divine guidance
D) purpose

Question 18

Aristotle argues that, since the beneficial functions of an animal's physical features arise with regularity, not randomly, the __________ view of nature is false.

A) deterministic
B) mechanistic
C) providential
D) evolutionary

Question 19

For Aristotle, the primary explanation of the development of all living things is __________.

A) teleological
B) providential
C) mechanical
D) biological

Question 20

Aristotle distinguishes between instrumental and __________ goods.

A) mechanistic
B) intrinsic
C) providential
D) deterministic

Question 21

According to Aristotle, virtue is a disposition to behave in line with __________.

A) moral law
B) a standard of excellence
C) accepted religious norms
D) existing law

Question 22

__________ goods are what all our actions ultimately point toward.

A) Instrumental
B) Purposeful
C) Intrinsic
D) Mechanistic

Question 23

Aristotle thinks __________ is the highest good for a human being.

A) virtue
B) family
C) power
D) happiness

Question 24

__________ is, Aristotle tells us, "something complete and self-sufficient."

A) Virtue
B) Family
C) Power
D) Happiness

Question 25

Aristotle tells us that __________ is an "activity of soul in conformity with excellence."

A) truth telling
B) the human good
C) right action
D) good choice

Question 26

According to Aristotle, a virtue is a(n) __________ between two corresponding __________.

A) mean; extremes
B) extreme; means
C) obstacle; goals
D) goal; obstacles

Question 27

Aristotle distinguishes between a(n) __________ and functioning well.

A) mean
B) function
C) extreme
D) good

Question 28

According to Aristotle, courage is __________.

A) to be desired at all costs
B) the primary virtue
C) the goal of morality
D) a mean between extremes

Question 29

Aristotle argues that the good life is lived according to __________ .

A) the light of reason
B) the wisdom of the senses
C) devout faith
D) a strict set of moral rules

Question 30

To say that nature is teleological is to say it is directed __________.

A) toward its past
B) outward
C) inward
D) toward a goal or objective

Question 31

According to Aristotle, the highest good for human beings is pleasure and the absence of pain.

Question 32

Aristotle claims that studying philosophy is alone sufficient to make one virtuous.

Question 33

According to Aristotle, the objects around us are insubstantial, fleeting amalgams of atoms.

Question 34

Aristotle thinks that the final cause of something is the material out of which it is made.

Question 35

One way Aristotle accounts for change is in terms of causes.

Question 36

The words that name classes, or categories, of things are called names.

Question 37

The heart of Aristotle's logical system is the syllogism.

Question 38

According to Aristotle, the final cause of everything is the Unmoved Mover.

Question 39

Aristotle thinks that reason unaided by sensation is what yields knowledge.

Question 40

Aristotle's logical system is built out of classes of things and their relations.

Question 41

Aristotle rejects Plato's view that reality is objective and knowledge is possible.

Question 42

According to Aristotle, every natural event happens by chance and without purpose.

Question 43

That for which a thing is, is called the final cause.

Question 44

The words that name classes, or categories, of things are called terms.

Question 45

Aristotle wrote treatises on zoology, music, mathematics, law, and many other topics in addition to his philosophical works.

Question 46

According to Aristotle, we always desire happiness for its own sake.

Question 47

Virtues are physical conditions.

Question 48

Aristotle believes that moral virtues can best be acquired through practice and habit.