Question 1

According to the essay on competition, research finds that competition ______.&#10;A) leads to sophisticated and advanced thinking&#10;B) increases overall success rates in-group projects&#10;C) decreases prejudice&#10;D) is inferior to cooperation as a general strategy of action

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Research on the &#34;Prisoner's Dilemma&#34; shows that ______.&#10;A) Both players win when they cooperate.&#10;B) Most people choose to go the game alone.&#10;C) Both players win when they cooperate and most people choose to go the game alone.&#10;D) None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The Prisoner's Dilemma illustrates that mutual cooperation leads to better outcomes for both players, but often individuals choose to act in their own self-interest, leading to suboptimal outcomes.

Question 3

In their essay on &#34;Winning Is Everything,&#34; Ruane and Cerulo argue that ______.&#10;A) research consistently reveals that competition always enhances the quality of group interactions&#10;B) cooperation promotes higher individual achievement and group productivity&#10;C) prejudice actually declines under conditions of competition&#10;D) cooperation is a fixed action pattern

Accepted Answer

Ruane and Cerulo, in their discussions on societal values and behaviors, often highlight how cooperation, rather than competition, can lead to better outcomes for individuals and groups. This aligns with the understanding that cooperation can enhance individual achievement and group productivity by fostering a supportive environment, sharing of resources, and collective problem-solving, which are key components for success in many contexts.

Question 4

Research indicates that once people become aware of the benefits of cooperation, they ______.&#10;A) immediately become more cooperative&#10;B) often continue to utilize a competitive strategy of action&#10;C) become more prejudice&#10;D) become more group-oriented

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that even when people are aware of the benefits of cooperation, they may still choose competitive strategies due to ingrained habits, mistrust, or perceived short-term gains.

Question 5

A review of over 200 studies of human performance finds that cooperation leads to ______.&#10;A) higher individual achievement&#10;B) higher group productivity&#10;C) better problem-solving&#10;D) All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Cooperation has been shown to lead to higher individual achievement, higher group productivity, and better problem-solving, as evidenced by the review of over 200 studies on human performance.

Question 6

Culture against people refers to ______.&#10;A) prejudicial culture&#10;B) culture that promotes or leads to harmful consequences&#10;C) dangerous countercultures like ELF or White supremacists&#10;D) ideal culture

Accepted Answer

Culture against people refers to aspects of culture that can lead to harmful consequences for its members, such as practices, beliefs, or norms that may cause physical or psychological harm.

Question 7

An example of culture against people reviewed in Second Thoughts is ______.&#10;A) Americans' commitment to competition&#10;B) Americans' devaluing of age&#10;C) our human tendency to trust others&#10;D) our attraction to high stakes gambling

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of culture against people reviewed...

Question 8

When it comes to vacations ______.&#10;A) Americans lead the world in the number of days we take off for vacation&#10;B) the United States leads the world in its policy mandating paid vacations&#10;C) the United States mandates that all workers receive some vacation&#10;D) unlike its European counterparts, the United States does not require paid vacation time for workers

Accepted Answer

The United States is unique among many developed countries in that it does not have a federal law requiring employers to provide paid vacation time to their workers, unlike European countries which often have such mandates.

Question 9

Statements or ideas about what is worthwhile or good are ______.&#10;A) beliefs&#10;B) values&#10;C) norms&#10;D) ideals

Accepted Answer

Values are statements or ideas about what is worthwhile or good, reflecting what is important to individuals or societies.

Question 10

Prejudice refers to ______.&#10;A) discriminatory behaviors toward minorities&#10;B) prejudgment of individuals because of their social statuses&#10;C) behavior void of thought&#10;D) All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice involves making premature judgments about individuals based on their membership in particular social groups, rather than their individual characteristics or actions. It is more about attitudes and beliefs than behaviors, which distinguishes it from discrimination, which involves actions.

Question 11

Research indicates that in order to promote sophisticated thinking or reasoning, we should ______.&#10;A) encourage cooperation&#10;B) promote competition&#10;C) encourage &#34;outside the box&#34; thinking&#10;D) discourage dialectic reasoning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research indicates that in order to promote...

Question 12

In dialectic thinking, individuals ______.&#10;A) consider contradictions and their solutions&#10;B) zero in on solutions as soon as possible&#10;C) maintain neutral positions and avoid decision making&#10;D) None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In dialectic thinking, individuals ______.&#10;A) consider contradictions...

Question 13

In general, study findings indicate that cooperation tends to hurt performance outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, study findings indicate that cooperation...

Deck 3: Winning Is Everything