Deck 9: Europe, Turkey, and Russia

Question 1

Many of the terrorist groups in this section are important because

A) these are examples of terrorist groups operating within Western Democracy.
B) all of them practiced some form of Islamic terror.
C) through these groups we have come to a complete understanding of terrorism.
D) they started wars that the world is still involved in today.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which country was consolidated under the native Saxon rule of Harold Godwinson?

A) India
B) Wales
C) Ireland
D) England

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Irish loyalty was to tribe and clan rather than sovereign.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Why did the Irish rebel?

A) When the Queen of England said "let them eat cake," they were gravely offended and attacked for resources during the potato famine.
B) England had never been very kind to them, and treated them as "sub-humans," which the Irish refused to put up with.
C) England attacked them and William Wallace united the Irish people to claim their freedom.
D) The Irish were fervently Catholic and when King Henry VIII established the Church of England they weren't happy.

Question 5

In the middle of the 17th century, England was in a civil war between

A) Wales and Ireland, who actually paved the way for the American Revolution.
B) capitalists that had always had a greater say in cultural developments and England's new Communist party.
C) their citizens that were for slavery and those that were against.
D) citizens for the Church of England and citizens for the Catholic Church.

Question 6

Why did the allegiance between Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics against the British end?

A) They realized they couldn't really trust each other and were getting in each other's way because of it.
B) Irish Protestants weren't viewed as truly Irish, and so the Irish Catholics did not feel the demand of loyalty.
C) The potato famine ended it.
D) Irish Catholics were too aggressive.

Question 7

Which group wanted to maintain Northern Ireland's union with Britain?

A) Irish Catholics
B) IRA
C) Unionists
D) Republicans

Question 8

Who was responsible for the disastrous uprising in 1916 known as the Easter Uprising?

A) RUC
B) IRA
C) IRB
D) Provos

Question 9

The Black and Tan War ended with the Treaty of 1921. What effects did the treaty have?

A) All of Ireland was freed from Britain.
B) Ireland remains a part of Great Britain in the United Kingdom today.
C) Ireland was given some freedom and autonomy but forced to pay tribute to the British.
D) It granted independence to the main part of the Emerald Isle while keeping Northern Ireland under British rule.

Question 10

Which group would be responsible for many of the most tragic and heinous attacks in the conflict over Northern Ireland, especially in the later part of the 20th Century?

A) The IRA
B) The Provos
C) The IRB
D) The RUC

Question 11

What was the fatal calculation of the Northern Irish government?

A) They had anticipated that most of their citizens were Irish Catholic and wanted to be free from the British rule, but most of them were actually fine with it.
B) They expected that the Black and Tan War would only last a few months, but as the conflict dragged on over a year, the will to win slowly faded.
C) The government had expected that if they helped the British keep control of the rest of Ireland, they would govern Ireland (under the British observation) but instead all of Ireland was subservient to Britain.
D) They used the RUC and a hated reserve force known as the B-Specials to crack down on civil rights workers and demonstrators.

Question 12

The British were called in to resolve the Irish versus Irish conflict, but they misunderstood the situation as a Colonial War and lost the support of the Irish Catholics.

Question 13

What was Bloody Sunday?

A) English Protestants were shot and killed in their church services on Sunday to show Irish disdain for the protestant church.
B) During the Irish Independence War, a battle was fought on a Sunday and thousands died on both sides of the conflict.
C) It was a demonstration in Londonderry by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters that turned violent as British paratroopers opened fire.
D) People in support of black (and other ethnicity) rights were killed in a peaceful protest in England on a Sunday.

Question 14

What did the Anglo-Irish accord attempt to do?

A) It attempted to appease the Irish people without giving them any real autonomy.
B) The accord changed the official religion of England to include Catholicism as well as the Anglican Church.
C) It was put in place to create autonomous governing institutions in Northern Ireland that would include a number of civil rights reforms.
D) It attempted to make compensations for Bloody Sunday.

Question 15

According to a 2012 U.S. State Department report, the RIRA has pledged to continue the use of violent attacks designed to disrupt the peace process and force the removal of British forces from Northern Ireland.

Question 16

What was the goal of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty group?

A) The group arose as a response to the terrorism of RAF and the Palestinian terror organizations and is an anti-terrorist group.
B) They sought a Marxist-Leninist state for the Kurdish people situated in the region shared by Turkey, Iran, Syria, Armenia, and Iraq.
C) They were an Islamic terror organization looking to implement Sharia law in an international government.
D) Their goal was the establishment of a Basque homeland consisting of the Spanish and French Basque regions and based on Marxist governing principles.

Question 17

Who were the targets of the ETA?

A) The ETA targets people that wear leather and other animal by-products.
B) They targeted Spanish officials, government facilities, journalists, tourism areas, and civilian targets.
C) The ETA targets large corporations that they claim are abusing the environment.
D) They target anyone they feel is in the way of their goal to instituting Sharia Law in the United Nations.

Question 18

Which group carried out the February 2005 attempted assassination of King Juan Carlos and visiting Mexican President Vicente Fox that injured more than 20 people?

A) ETA
B) PKK
C) IRA
D) GSG-9

Question 19

To end the conflict coming from the people of Basque, Spain has

A) given the region considerable gains in autonomy and self-governance.
B) marched their military in and taken control to show their dominance.
C) hired mercenaries to assassinate anyone who shows signs of potentially violent action against the Spanish government.
D) performed a marriage ceremony between the Spanish President's daughter and the leader of the ETA to show that they can get along.

Question 20

When the Central Powers fell in defeat in 1918 (WWI), the Allied Powers divided the region in ways designed to ___________________, often with cavalier disregard for issues of ___________________. This approach set the stage for many of the region's current conflicts.

A) avoid ethnic conflicts; available resources
B) meet their national interests; ethnicity and cultural identity
C) have clear boundaries set by landmarks such as rivers; overpopulation
D) evenly distribute available resources; historical tribal differences

Question 21

What is the goal of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)?

A) They sought a Marxist-Leninist state for the Kurdish people situated in the region shared by Turkey, Iran, Syria, Armenia, and Iraq.
B) They were an Islamic terror organization looking to implement Sharia law in an international government.
C) The group arose as a response to the terrorism of RAF and the Palestinian terror organizations and is an anti-terrorist group.
D) Their goal was the establishment of a Basque homeland consisting of the Spanish and French Basque regions and based on Marxist governing principles.

Question 22

Perhaps one of Erdogan's most surprising achievements came in April 2013 when, after months of secret negotiations between Erdogan and Ocalan, the jailed leader of the PKK ordered his fighters out of Turkey and declared that the Kurdish quest for equal rights would henceforth be a purely political struggle.

Question 23

The ideology of the post WWII Western European groups is one of reaction against

A) the ills of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution prevalent in the Europe of the 19th Century.
B) "mother countries" by their colonies; imperialism was viewed extremely harshly.
C) what Islamic extremists viewed as "less pure" religions.
D) the Church of England.

Question 24

Which terrorist group carried out the assassination of CIA Station Chief Richard Welch and the assassination of 5 US Embassy employees between 1975 and 2011?

A) 17 November
B) The Chechens
C) Italy's Red Brigade
D) RAF

Question 25

The Greek government did not effectively disrupt 17 November until 2002 when the looming 2004 Athens Summer Olympics brought new urgency to the matter.

Question 26

Which group assassinated a West German attorney general, Siegfried Buback, and attempted to assassinate U.S. Army General Alexander Haig when he was serving as the head of NATO?

A) RAF
B) 17 November
C) Italy's Red Brigade
D) The Chechens

Question 27

What is the Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG 9)?

A) Their goal was the establishment of a Basque homeland consisting of the Spanish and French Basque regions and based on Marxist governing principles.
B) It arose as a response to the terrorism of RAF and the Palestinian terror organizations and is an anti-terrorist group.
C) They were an Islamic terror organization looking to implement Sharia law in an international government.
D) They sought a Marxist-Leninist state for the Kurdish people situated in the region shared by Turkey, Iran, Syria, Armenia, and Iraq.

Question 28

Which group was responsible for the kidnapping of Aldo Moro, leader of the Christian Democratic Party, a five-time Prime Minister, and the front-runner in the upcoming Presidential elections?

A) 17 November
B) The Chechens
C) RAF
D) Italy's Red Brigade

Question 29

What is the goal of the domestic terrorists with ties to the Middle East targeting Western Civilians?

A) The terrorists want to force people to convert to their radical form of Islam or face the penalty of death.
B) Such terrorists usually do not have static goals; they frequently change due to the frenzied mind of the terrorist.
C) They seek to increase pressure on the Western governments, including the United States, to withdraw completely from the Middle East and other Islamic regions.
D) They want to enforce Sharia law on Western Civilizations and take the law into their own hands in a sick form of vigilantism.

Question 30

What is domestic terrorism?

A) It is another term for "parental abuse" that the media has used to end things like spankings.
B) Domestic terrorism is when the terrorism happening to a country occurs within it, as opposed to an assassination on a diplomat as he or she travels.
C) It means that terrorists are "home-grown," they are born and raised in the societies they terrorize.
D) Domestic terror is any form of terror since Earth is the home of us all.

Question 31

How do normal civilians become domestic terrorists, according to Vidino?

A) They become radicalized by themselves though personal experiences and interactions with peers, and seek out groups like AQ or AQIM on their own.
B) When people see how politics actually work, especially in the United States, it's hard for them to restrain from violent actions against the government.
C) Extremist mosques hide under the pretense of being moderate but have programs designed to radicalize individuals.
D) Most citizens that become domestic terrorists are not actually normal and usually have a mental illness.

Question 32

When did the animosity between Moscow and Chechnya begin?

A) The Russians found some oil on the border, and both countries think they have a right to it.
B) They were struggling over a smaller area between the two countries, much like how Pakistan and India are fighting over Kashmir.
C) Georgia and Ossetia attacked Chechnya, but Russia did nothing to help Chechnya.
D) It began when Imperial Russia expanded into the region, annexing Chechnya

Question 33

The conflict that began and escalated in the 1990s between Russia and Chechnya was fueled almost entirely by

A) oil companies with lobbyists that have influence in their respective governments.
B) the Georgian terrorist attack on Grozny, the capital of Chechnya.
C) the media on both sides portraying the other country as something frightening and aggressive.
D) the "islamization" of the region by Islamic jihadists fully supported by Al Queda (AQ).

Question 34

Which group was responsible for the March 2010 attack on a Moscow subway where two female suicide bombers detonated themselves killing 38 and injuring 95 people?

A) The Chechens
B) Italy's Red Brigade
C) 17 November
D) RAF

Question 35

The conflict between Northern Ireland and Britain, though brutal, has not been very long.

Question 36

In the latter half of the 20th century, many of the ideological groups operating out of Western Europe grew out of separatist/nationalist ideologies.

Question 37

Why are terrorist threats used by the media and politicians?

A) It is well known that many politicians and the media use these threats because it makes them feel powerful to draw attention to it, though it does not really offer any other benefits.
B) Terrorist threats and attacks are not overused by either the media or politicians. Terrorist threats are real, dangerous, and increasing rapidly.
C) Politicians find it particularly helpful for gaining or retaining power, while journalists use it in attempts to attract the attention of citizens and consumers.
D) Terrorist threats are not abused by politicians but the media uses (and arguably invents) some terrorist threats to divide people and make them afraid of each other.

Question 38

The most obvious link between a terrorist attack and elections in recent history was

A) in March 2004, when the deadly train attack in Madrid by Islamic terrorists just three days before Spain's parliamentary elections.
B) the U.S. Presidential Election in the year 2000 between Bush and Gore; Bush's use of fear tactics narrowly won him the presidency.
C) in Japan, following the Sarin gas attacks, the Japanese decided they needed a much stronger leader that would not let that sort of thing happen again.
D) Libyans threw Qadhafi out of the government as part of the Arab Spring.

Question 39

How was terrorism involved in the 2003 Russian elections?

A) Putin's hard stance on terrorism was something that the citizens valued.
B) A terror attack happened the month prior to the elections but it turned out to be staged by one of the parties.
C) On Election Day a terror attack actually took place, causing the election to be pushed back several days.
D) Russia was considering implementing a policy to ban all visitors to Russia from the Middle East that Putin was strongly against, and the issue came to define the election.

Question 40

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Bush's treatment of terrorism with Kerry's treatment of the topic in the 2004 elections?

A) Bush laid out a specific plan to combat terrorism while Kerry mostly avoided the subject, which explains the election results.
B) Kerry had been awarded several purple hearts and people knew he could be tough on terrorism, but Bush used specific examples of things he did during his presidency when he talked about terrorism.
C) Bush referred to terrorism but with no specific plans, while Kerry focused on eliminating terrorism as a key point of his campaign. People thought Kerry might have been too harsh on the terrorists, and so they voted for Bush.
D) They both spoke vaguely about it and said they would take a hard stance against it.

Question 41

Why is it suggested that terrorism did not play a major role in the decision of the 2005 British elections?

A) The British people have never really cared about the Middle East or terrorism.
B) Most British citizens have been aware of the problems and relative risk of domestic terrorist attacks for decades longer than their US or Russian counterparts.
C) The economy in Britain was doing really badly so both candidates were much more focused on their economic plans.
D) British data scientists have been able to come to a much better understanding of terrorism, and so they are not quite as concerned with it.

Question 42

Why was Greece characterized as 'one of the weakest links in Europe's effort against terrorism'?

A) They are involved in massive amounts of state sponsored terrorism to protect their interests.
B) Over years of experiencing domestic terrorism, no members of any terrorist group were arrested by the Greek police.
C) Any credible terrorist threats made against Greece cause the Greek government to give in right away.
D) The Greek police force is very corrupt, so although the government would like to do something about it, they don't have any support.

Question 43

The name 'November 17' was chosen after the student uprising in Greece on 17 November 1973 protesting against the military regime.

Question 44

In Greece, the politicization of terrorism did not translate to competition between the two major parties trying to capitalize on the issue by making short-term political gains but instead to a constructive political debate on how to deal with the terrorist threat.

Question 45

PASOK brought the anti-terrorist bill to Parliament, which was a significant break from the party's past, considering that it had previously abolished the two laws of 1978 and 1990.

Question 46

Why do you think the people of Basque were satisfied with their autonomy, but there is still a conflict between Northern Ireland and Great Britain?

Question 47

What are the four phases of European jihadist networks? Briefly describe each.