Deck 1: Introduction to the Study of Terrorism

Question 1

Most individuals convicted of terrorism-related crimes are sentenced on charges other than terrorism.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Professor Cynthia C. Combs presents a definition of terrorism that has four major elements, which of the following is not one of those elements?

A) it has a political motive
B) it is an act of violence
C) it is perpetrated against innocent persons
D) it is used to the financial gain of the perpetrators

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Austin Turk, a sociologist, suggests that terrorism should be studied as all of the following except?

A) theorizing terrorism
B) a kind of crime
C) organizing terrorism
D) social control of terrorism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Lafree and Dugan which of the following is a conceptual similarity between both terrorism and crime?

A) patterns, distributions, geographic mapping, financing and trends
B) are selectively prosecuted and show the discrepancy between law in books and law in action
C) the use of weapons and explosives are usually involved
D) they rarely undermine social trust

Question 5

Terrorism texts and researchers today study crime, criminals, including horrible ones with scores of victims, and the brutality that comes with war.

Question 6

Terrorist definitions in the West are used to focus analysis only on groups as opposed to _____________.

A) the cause of terrorism
B) States
C) individuals
D) how the groups get their funding

Question 7

What is Homeland Security?

A) the entire elimination of terrorism and everything related to it
B) a form of risk assessment and risk insurance in the case of plane hijackings
C) the efforts, offensive and defensive, of our government to protect itself and this country
D) the lawful and just prosecution of terrorists and all terrorism crimes

Question 8

Which of the following agencies did not become part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003

A) The U.S. Customs Service
B) Department of Defense
C) Office for Domestic Preparedness
D) Nuclear Incident Response Team

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the five departmental missions of the Department of Homeland Security?

A) Ensure resilience to disasters
B) Prevent terrorism and enhance security
C) Enforce and administer our immigration laws
D) Imposing anti-terrorist sentiments globally

Question 10

Most research articles published in a science or social science journal will have all the following elements except?

A) feasibility
B) introduction
C) literature review
D) results and discussion/conclusion

Question 11

The literature review in a research article is always found within the introduction.

Question 12

The literature review in a research article is all of the following except?

A) an examination of what other researchers have already produced in terms of the research question or hypothesis
B) discussion of the author's findings
C) a platform of support for the hypothesis
D) who and what was studied, and how many subjects were studied

Question 13

In the methodology section, you will find the following.

A) who and what was studied, and how many subjects were studied
B) a discussion of the author's findings and recommendations
C) a platform of support for the hypothesis
D) an analysis of the researcher's findings

Question 14

What is a quantitative study?

A) uses a non-numerical theoretical argument
B) uses people to support the hypothesis
C) uses numbers to support the hypothesis
D) an educated statement or guess

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of a strain?

A) government enacting a policy
B) law enforcement shutting down a universally acknowledged violent demonstration
C) harsh state repression, including widespread violence directed at certain groups
D) the problems encountered by certain immigrant groups, such as unemployment or discrimination

Question 16

General Strain Theory asserts that ______________________.

A) economic strains on states producing terrorism will weaken the resolve of the terrorists
B) It is easy to take into account all strains in order to mitigate crime and terrorism
C) strains have been used to study and explain crime but should be extended to study sub-state terrorism
D) certain strains or stressors increase the likelihood of crime

Question 17

Based on the article, "HOW TO READ A RESEARCH ARTICLE ON TERRORISM" which policy would Agnew support?

A) military occupation of terrorist states to enforce peace at any cost
B) government funding increased in research into strains in an effort to combat terrorism
C) A national policy to cut ties with entities with a high potential for terrorism
D) government support of immigration between different countries to foster understanding between cultures

Question 18

Collective strains, as defined by Robert Agnew, lead to terrorism in all cases.

Question 19

George W. Bush stated that: "We fight against ______ because _______ is an answer to terror."

A) enslavement; freedom
B) violence; peace
C) extremists; moderation
D) poverty; hope

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between terrorism and common crime?

A) Common crimes often involve the commission of serious violence against civilians who have done nothing to directly provoke their victimization.
B) Common crime is committed by groups of individuals working together, and terrorists usually prefer to work alone.
C) Common crime is committed for reasons of self-interest while terrorism is committed for political, social, or religious reasons
D) Common crimes are more extreme than terrorism

Question 21

__________________ is an example of a strain high in magnitude, with civilian victims.

A) Occasional and infrequent physical assault against civilians
B) A widespread famine that affects farmers in an entire country, which is perceived as the result of an angry God
C) A war effort that creates a large national debt
D) Law enforcement assaulting innocent civilians over a prolonged period of time

Question 22

The voluntary and intentional infliction of collective strain by an external agent is unlikely to result in terrorism unless it also involves ___________________.

A) an internal agent
B) the violation of relevant justice norms
C) the unintentional infliction of collective strain
D) a sense of misrepresentation of the people in government

Question 23

In a hypothetical situation, a group of individuals held a peaceful protest, but the police force, which the group trusts, explained that they could not protest in that location because it was private property, even though protests had been held there from time to time before, so the people dispersed peacefully. However, this did not create a strain because the majority of those that attended believed it to be just. Which of the following best explains why they felt that way?

A) This strain was in the service of some greater good.
B) The strain inflicted was not very different from their past treatment in similar circumstances.
C) The process used to decide whether to inflict the strain was just.
D) The police did not use excessive force.

Question 24

Strain inflicted by complicit civilians occasionally results in terrorism. Which of the following is an example of one of these strains?

A) An increase in charity efforts by concerned citizens.
B) Government officials increasing taxes despite public outrage.
C) A serial killer goes unstopped by those in power.
D) People occupying land formerly held by those in the strained collectivity.

Question 25

Why do collective strains such as those mentioned by Agnew increase the likelihood of terrorism?

A) It makes people feel better to take justice into their own hands.
B) Collective strains decrease the value of life in those strained. They usually turn to violence and engage in war against the military.
C) Though the collective strains don't have an impact the ability to legally and militarily cope, the strained individuals decide to seek other methods of relieving their strains.
D) Collective strains lead to strong negative emotional states and traits like anger, humiliation, and hopelessness.

Question 26

Many terrorists state that ___________ is a major motive for their acts.

A) revenge
B) poverty
C) dishonor
D) material deprivation

Question 27

Which of the following is an effect of the weakened social control caused by collective strains?

A) Members of the strained collectivity will sanction terrorists, since the experience of these strains tends to create tolerance, sympathy, or even support for terrorism.
B) Individuals seeking to run for public office in order to fix their problems.
C) A lack of self worth that leads to mass suicides such as the 1978 Jonestown deaths.
D) Members of the strained collectivity peacefully halting military operations by physically obstructing advances with their own bodies.

Question 28

Terrorists act ________________.

A) due to a number of economic and social situations
B) out of self interest
C) out of protection of those they identify with
D) because of psychological issues developed from birth

Question 29

Participation in terrorism never alleviates material deprivation.

Question 30

Democracies are sometimes less likely to harshly repress terrorists and more willing to negotiate with them.

Question 31

The African National Congress avoided terrorism partly because it feared ________________.

A) alienating supportive groups
B) great losses of their own forces
C) accidentally killing innocents they were trying to protect
D) their bloodshed may get out of hand and never stop

Question 32

Associating closely with others who support terrorism has a major effect on the disposition for terrorism. These others may ____________________.

A) blackmail their associates and bring them into committing acts of terror against their will
B) endanger those close to them in an attempt to exploit the publicity
C) teach beliefs favorable to terrorism
D) try to bribe them to be terrorists

Question 33

Hitler's propaganda against the Jewish people before and during World War II demonstrates the principles of fostering "beliefs favorable to terrorism," as described by Agnew.

Question 34

Belief systems held by those facing collective strains are always supportive, or at least not opposed, to terrorism.

Question 35

Terrorists typically deem their actions as "successful" for all of the following outcomes EXCEPT

A) inflicting significant damage on the source of the collective strain.
B) discovering methods to achieve widespread massacre.
C) if they call greater attention to the collective strain.
D) gaining recruits or other support for the terrorist organization.

Question 36

In which war was the use of repression by the United States particularly intense?

A) The Cold War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) The War of 1812

Question 37

According to Blakeley, by any reasonable definition of terrorism, taken literally, the United States and its friends are supporters of terrorism because such states use force, even when in response to credible threats or protecting others.

Question 38

Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics given of Paul Wilkinson's definition of terrorism?

A) It is not committed by a state.
B) the acts of violence committed are seen by the society in which they occur as extra-normal.
C) It is premeditated and aims to create a climate of extreme fear or terror;
D) terrorism is used to try to influence political behavior in some way

Question 39

The United States did not seek to repress communism's spread in Latin America.

Question 40

RAND - St. Andrew's definition of terrorism (internationally and domestically) assumes that perpetrators will be sub-national groups or individuals.

Question 41

The United States, Britain, and Australia all backed Indonesia in its efforts to repress East Timor.

Question 42

Britain and France have never resorted to torture that could be considered terrorism.

Question 43

The United States has not used military coups or training of foreign troops to advance their political agendas.

Question 44

According to Blakeley, "terrorism," as a term, must be used ___________ and not ___________.

A) judicially; selectively
B) less; wantonly
C) carefully; with restraint
D) analytically; politically

Question 45

Discuss whether or not you feel General Strain Theory should be used in an attempt to diminish terrorism.

Question 46

According to Ruth Blakeley, state terrorism should be considered a form of terrorism, which it usually is not. Do you agree? Explain why or why not.